253
TB_09_55_Achievement and Intelligence Tests_LO 9.10_APA LO 1.1
Which type of tests is designed to access specific information that is learned at school?
A) Aptitude tests
B) Intelligence tests
C) Achievement tests
D) Cognitive tests
TB_09_56_Achievement and Intelligence Tests_LO 9.10_APA LO 1.1
In middle childhood, IQ tests may be used to
A) predict who will be academically successful in the future.
B) assess the quality of a school’s educational program.
C) determine the relative contributions of heredity and environment to children’s intellectual skills.
D) group children for instruction.
TB_09_57_No Easy Answers_LO 9.10_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following is a distinguishing characteristic of culture-fair tests?
A) They are written in the test-taker’s native language.
B) They maximize the measurement of social knowledge.
C) They minimize the impact of verbal knowledge.
D) They do not test contextual knowledge.
TB_09_58_Achievement and Intelligence Tests_LO 9.10_APA LO 1.1
Who is the theorist who proposed the idea of multiple intelligences?
A) Howard Gardner
B) Robert Sternberg
C) Robert Wechsler
D) Alfred Binet
254
TB_09_59_Achievement and Intelligence Tests_LO 9.10_APA LO 1.1
According to Howard Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences, which of the following types of intelligence
represents the ability to understand oneself?
A) Bodily kinesthetic
B) Naturalist
C) Interpersonal
D) Intrapersonal
TB_09_60_Achievement and Intelligence Tests_LO 9.10_APA LO 1.1
Micah knows the difference between cedar and juniper trees. According to Gardner, what type of intelligence is
Micah displaying?
A) Naturalist
B) Spatial
C) Logical
D) Inductive
TB_09_61_Achievement and Intelligence Tests_LO 9.10_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following is the ability to use language effectively?
A) Linguistic intelligence
B) Logical intelligence
C) Interpersonal intelligence
D) Intrapersonal intelligence
TB_09_62_Achievement and Intelligence Tests_LO 9.10_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following types of intelligence allows one to develop good social skills?
A) Linguistic
B) Interpersonal
C) Spatial
D) Intrapersonal
255
TB_09_63_Achievement and Intelligence Tests_LO 9.10_APA LO 1.1
Jennifer is very good at drawing and copying pictures. Which type of intelligence is Jennifer using?
A) Musical
B) Logical
C) Linguistic
D) Spatial
TB_09_64_Achievement and Intelligence Tests_LO 9.10_APA LO 1.1
Robert Sternberg would say that a child who knows he is expected to shake hands with adults, but not necessarily
his peers, has what type of intelligence?
A) Componential
B) Experiential
C) Contextual
D) Perceptual
TB_09_65_Achievement and Intelligence Tests_LO 9.10_APA LO 1.1
Sternberg’s theory proposes three components of intelligence. What are they?
A) Complexity, subjectivity and objectivity
B) Contextual, experiential and componential
C) Spatial, logical and emotional
D) Mathematical, perceptual and interpersonal
TB_09_66_Achievement and Intelligence Tests_LO 9.10_APA LO 1.1
Emotional intelligence has three components: awareness of personal emotions, appropriate emotional expression,
and
A) awareness of others’ emotions.
B) a broad range of emotional descriptors.
C) the ability to reflect others’ emotions back to them.
D) the ability to channel emotions into the pursuit of worthwhile goals.
256
TB_09_67_Achievement and Intelligence Tests_LO 9.10_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following theorists is associated with intelligence measurement?
A) Sigmund Freud
B) Erik Erikson
C) Jean Piaget
D) Howard Gardner
TB_09_68_Group Differences in Achievement_LO 9.11_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following describes the tendency to focus on the details of a task?
A) Analytical style
B) Projective style
C) Relational style
D) Subjective style
TB_09_69_Group Differences in Achievement_LO 9.11_APA LO 1.1
When a child is focusing on the “big picture” rather than focusing on details, which style of learning is the child
using?
A) Analytical
B) Objective
C) Subjective
D) Relational
TB_09_70_Group Differences in Achievement_LO 9.11_APA LO 1.1
In the United States, we value achievement and success. This is evident in things like the attention we pay to job
promotions, fame, and grades in school. These things are all examples of what type of culture?
A) Subjectivist
B) Collectivist
C) Collaborative
D) Individualistic
257
TB_09_71_Group Differences in Achievement_LO 9.11_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following summarizes a basic educational difference when comparing students from the United States
and Asia?
A) Many U.S. students are dependent on calculators rather than their own math skills.
B) Many Asian students are taught to use calculators as early as age 2.
C) Asian students tend to have poorer math skills than U.S. students.
D) Asian families rely on the educational system to teach computational skills.
TB_09_72_Learning Disabilities_LO 9.12_APA LO 1.1
A child who has difficulty mastering specific academic skills such as reading, but who has normal intelligence and
no physical or sensory handicaps, might be categorized as having which of the following?
A) A form of mental retardation
B) A communication disorder in language
C) Cognitive deficiencies
D) A learning disability
TB_09_73_Developmental Science at Home_LO 9.12_APA LO 1.1
According to your textbook, which is the most frequent reason parents cite when they choose to homeschool their
children?
A) Their children have physical disabilities.
B) Their children have special learning needs.
C) Homeschooling provides an environment safe from teasing.
D) They have concerns about the school environment.
258
TB_09_74_Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder_LO 9.13_APA LO 1.1
A child who has academic and behavioral problems in school because he or she is more physically active and/or less
attentive than peers may be classified as having which of the following?
A) Emotional disturbances
B) Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
C) A mild learning disability
D) Autism
259
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
TB_09_75_The Brain and Nervous System_LO 9.2_APA LO 1.1
Logic and planning are abilities affected in middle childhood by further maturation of the ________.
TB_09_76_Health and Wellness_LO 9.3_APA LO 1.3
The most significant health risks among school-aged children are associated with accidents and ________.
TB_09_77_Health and Wellness_LO 9.3_APA LO 1.3
Public health officials believe that the current levels of obesity among children and adults in the United States can be
attributed to ________ physical activity and increased ________ of high-calorie convenience foods.
TB_09_78_Language_LO 9.4_APA LO 1.1
Between ages 6–12, children add roughly ________ words per year to their vocabulary.
TB_09_79_Piaget’s Concrete Operational Stage_LO 9.5_APA LO 1.1
Concrete operations enable children to think logically about objects and ________.
260
TB_09_80_Piaget’s Concrete Operational Stage_LO 9.5_APA LO 1.1
Louise is trying to decide what to wear today. It is going to be raining this morning but should be clearing off later.
In addition, Louise knows that she has riding lessons after school, so she needs to take that into account when she
chooses her clothes. On top of that, today is the pep rally, meaning Louise is expected to wear her school colors. In
order to select an appropriate outfit without assistance, Louise must be capable of ________ .
TB_09_81_Piaget’s Concrete Operational Stage_LO 9.5_APA LO 1.1
Anthony knows that not everyone goes to college, and that those who do are not guaranteed to graduate. From this,
he decided that college is probably difficult as well as time consuming. Anthony used ________ to draw those
conclusions.
TB_09_82_Direct Tests of Piaget’s View_LO 9.6_APA LO 1.1
Class ________ is the understanding that subordinate categories are included in larger superordinate categories.
TB_09_83_Advances in Information-Processing Skills_LO 9.7_APA LO 1.1
Developmentalists use the term ________ to refer to the ability to make efficient use of short-term memory
capacity.
TB_09_84_Advances in Information-Processing Skills_LO 9.7_APA LO 1.1
________ is the ability to recall information from the long-term memory without using short-term memory space.
261
TB_09_85_Second-Language Learners_LO 9.8_APA LO 1.1
Miguel came to the United States from Puerto Rico. He speaks very little English, but is in a special class that
teaches him in both English and Spanish. Miguel is in a ________ education program.
TB_09_86_Achievement and Intelligence Tests_LO 9.10_APA LO 1.1
________ tests are designed to access specific information that is taught, and hopefully learned, at school.
TB_09_87_Group Differences in Achievement_LO 9.11_APA LO 1.1
The tendency to focus on the details of a task is called a(n) ________ style.
TB_09_88_Learning Disabilities_LO 9.12_APA LO 1.1
________ refers to problems reading or a complete inability to read.
TB_09_89_Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder_LO 9.13_APA LO 1.1
Some children who are diagnosed with ADHD take ________ medications.
262
Short Answer Questions
TB_09_90_Growth and Motor Development_LO 9.1_APA LO 1.1
Describe general patterns of growth and motor development between the ages of 6 and 12.
TB_09_91_The Brain and Nervous System_LO 9.2_APA LO 1.1
Where are the primary sites of brain growth between 6 and 10 years of age?
TB_09_92_The Brain and Nervous System_LO 9.2_APA LO 1.1
In which area(s) of the brain are the sensory, motor, and intellectual functions of the brain linked together?
TB_09_93_Health and Wellness_LO 9.3_APA LO 1.3
How could the majority of bike-related head injuries be prevented?
TB_09_94_Direct Tests of Piaget’s View_LO 9.6_APA LO 1.1
Give an example of a superordinate class and a subordinate class.
263
TB_09_95_Direct Tests of Piaget’s View_LO 9.6_APA LO 1.1
In the balance scale test performed by Siegler, Anthony is trying to take into account both distance and weight, but
TB_09_96_Schooling_LO 9.8_APA LO 1.1
Identify four characteristics of an “authoritative” teaching style.
TB_09_97_Second-Language Learners_LO 9.9_APA LO 1.1
What is the name of the approach of integrating non-English-speaking children into English-only classes?
TB_09_98_Achievement and Intelligence Tests_LO 9.10_APA LO 1.1
Identify and define three of Gardner’s multiple intelligences.
TB_09_99_Group Differences in Achievement_LO 9.11_APA LO 1.1
Briefly define the differences between individualistic and collectivist cultures.
264
TB_09_100_Research Report_LO 9.11_APA LO 1.1
Define stereotype threat.
TB_09_101_Learning Disabilities_LO 9.12_APA LO 1.1
Identify four common sources of learning disabilities.
TB_09_102_Learning Disabilities_LO 9.12_APA LO 1.1
List four disabilities for which children in the U.S. would receive special education services.
TB_09_103_The Real World_LO 9.12_APA LO 1.1
What are the three most common reasons why parents decide to homeschool their children?
TB_09_104_Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder_LO 9.13_APA LO 1.1
Summarize the characteristics of ADHD.
265
Essay Questions
TB_09_105_The Brain and Nervous System_LO 9.2_APA LO 1.1
Describe the development of relative right-left orientation, including factors that both accelerate and inhibit this
learning.
TB_09_106_Piaget’s Concrete Operational Stage_LO 9.5_APA LO 1.1
Define and differentiate between deductive and inductive logic. Give an example of each. At what age are children
capable of each?
TB_09_107_Advances in Information-Processing Skills_LO 9.7_APA LO 1.1
Identify and define each of the information-processing strategies used in remembering that are outlined in your text.
TB_09_108_Literacy_LO 9.8_APA LO 1.1
Think about how you were taught to read. What approach was used? Describe the balanced approach and the use of
guided reading sessions. How effective do these methods seem to be?
266
TB_09_109_Achievement and Intelligence Tests_LO 9.10_APA LO 1.1
Based on your reading and your critical thinking skills, explain the use of IQ testing in the United States. Give your
informed, academically sound opinion as to whether or not you think IQ testing is useful.
TB_09_110_Group Differences in Achievement_LO 9.11_APA LO 1.1
What does the research indicate regarding sex differences in verbal and mathematical capabilities?
TB_09_111_Research Report_LO 9.11_APA LO 1.1
Define the concept of stereotype threats. Summarize the research findings on the effects of stereotype threats.
TB_09_112_Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder_LO 9.13_APA LO 1.1
How effective is the use of stimulant medication in the treatment of ADHD?