194
TB_07_54_Fast-Mapping_LO 7.9_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following terms defines the ability to link new words to real world referents?
A) Constructive thinking
B) Concrete linguistics
C) Referential abstracting
D) Fast-mapping
TB_07_55_Fast-Mapping_LO 7.9_APA LO 1.1
Approximately how many words will the average 30 month-old child have in his or her vocabulary?
A) 250
B) 400
C) 500
D) 600
TB_07_56_The Grammar Explosion_LO 7.10_APA LO 1.1
What is the drive that leads to the grammar explosion in children?
A) Neural development
B) Parent coaching
C) Word learning
D) Spelling bees
TB_07_57_The Grammar Explosion_LO 7.10_APA LO 1.1
Inflections appearing in the form of adding “ing” to words are common among
A) 2 1/2 to 3 year olds.
B) 3 to 4 year olds.
C) 3 1/2 to 5 year olds.
D) 2 year olds.
195
TB_07_58_The Grammar Explosion_LO 7.10_APA LO 1.1
The use of verb forms or verb tenses (such as eating or ate from the verb eat) defines which of the following?
A) Holophrases
B) Inflections
C) Generalization
D) Appropriate extension
TB_07_59_The Grammar Explosion_LO 7.10_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following best represents the earliest inflection used among children learning English, according to
Roger Brown?
A) “Come in.”
B) “I ran.”
C) “Doggie running.”
D) “A cat.”
TB_07_60_The Grammar Explosion_LO 7.10_APA LO 1.1
When Simon says, “My hamster runned away,” he is using
A) extended word meaning.
B) overregularization.
C) overextension of class.
D) dialogic meaning.
TB_07_61_The Grammar Explosion_LO 7.10_APA LO 1.1
When children have learned a basic rule of language, such as how to form a plural or a past tense, and then begin to
apply the rule when it seems correct, even though it is incorrect, what are they doing?
A) Overextending grammar
B) Overregularizing
C) Inflecting
D) Generalizing
196
TB_07_62_Phonological Awareness_LO 7.11_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following terms describes a child’s sensitivity to the sound patterns that are specific to his language?
A) Dialogic sensitivity
B) Operational efficiency
C) Phonological awareness
D) Semantic acuity
TB_07_63_Phonological Awareness_LO 7.11_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following activities would help a child develop phonological awareness?
A) Memorization
B) Listening to an adult speak a foreign language
C) Dialogic reading
D) Word play
TB_07_64_Phonological Awareness_LO 7.11_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following is true regarding invented spelling?
A) Children who use it before beginning formal schooling are more likely to become good spellers and readers later
in childhood.
B) Children should be discouraged from using it before they begin formal schooling.
C) Children who use it are likely to develop learning disabilities.
D) Children who use it too early are likely to be poor spellers throughout their lives.
TB_07_65_Measuring Intelligence_LO 7.12_APA LO 1.1
When the Stanford-Binet was first developed, how was the intelligence quotient calculated?
A) CA/MA x 1
B) MA/CA x 100%
C) CA/MA x 100
D) MA/CA x 100
197
TB_07_66_Measuring Intelligence_LO 7.12_APA LO 1.1
Approximately what percentage of children will score within the average range of IQ testing?
A) 20%
B) 37%
C) 67%
D) 85%
TB_07_67_Measuring Intelligence_LO 7.12_APA LO 1.1
Children whose IQ scores are below ________ may have an intellectual disability, and those who score above
________ are often called gifted.
A) 75; 130
B) 70 and who have problems with adaptive behavior; 130
C) 70; 130 and show overt creativity
D) 50; 100
TB_07_68_Measuring Intelligence_LO 7.12_APA LO 1.1
What are two subgroups of the Wechsler intelligence tests?
A) Aptitude scale and ability scale
B) Verbal scales and performance scales
C) Mathematics and reading/language
D) Qualitative and quantitative
198
TB_07_69_Measuring Intelligence_LO 7.12_APA LO 1.1
Jona is taking a test that measures how efficiently he processes information. What type of scale is being used?
A) Processing-speed scale
B) Verbal scale
C) Working memory scale
D) Language scale
TB_07_70_Measuring Intelligence_LO 7.12_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following is correct regarding the correlation between children’s test scores and their current or later
grades in school?
A) There is a weak correlation; about .10 to .20.
B) There is a negative and moderate correlation; about -.30 to -.40.
C) There is a strong positive correlation; about .50 to .60.
D) There is a nearly perfect correlation; about .95 to 1.00.
TB_07_71_Measuring Intelligence_LO 7.12_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following statements about the stability of children’s IQ scores is correct?
A) Many children show little or no fluctuation in their IQ scores.
B) Younger children often seem more intelligent than they are, and IQ scores on later tests typically fluctuate
downward to a more accurate, stable level.
C) IQ scores do not fluctuate as a result of stresses, such as parental divorce, change in schools, or birth of a sibling.
D) IQ scores are quite stable with correlations between year-to-year IQ scores in middle childhood typically in the
range of .80.
TB_07_72_Origins of Individual Differences in Intelligence_LO 7.13_APA LO 1.1
Researchers who have analyzed the IQ scores of adopted twins have found that identical twins are more like one
another in IQ than fraternal twins are. They also have found that the IQs of adopted children are more strongly
correlated with the IQs of their biological parents than with the IQs of their adoptive parents. These research results
suggest
A) that environment has no impact upon IQ.
B) that intelligence has a genetic component.
C) that a child’s intellectual capacity is fixed at birth.
D) that a child’s biological heritage predicts her lifetime patterns of achievement and accomplishment.
199
TB_07_73_Origins of Individual Differences in Intelligence_LO 7.13_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following is a behavior seen in the parents of children with high IQs?
A) Talking to their children often
B) Aiming their conversation at a level just below what the children could handle on their own
C) Not reacting to cues from their children
D) Providing play materials that are above the level of their children
TB_07_74_Origins of Individual Differences in Intelligence_LO 7.13_APA LO 1.1
Research shows which of the following to be true regarding children who are enrolled in Head Start or a similar
enriched preschool program?
A) They show no gains or positive effects beyond first grade as a result of their experiences.
B) They are more likely to form secure attachment with teachers and other school officials.
C) They are more likely to achieve in school and to graduate from high school.
TB_07_75_Group Differences in Intelligence Test Scores_LO 7.14_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following is a factual statement about differences in IQ test scores in the United States?
A) African American children consistently score approximately 25 points lower than white children on IQ tests.
B) Chinese and Japanese children consistently have higher scores on achievement tests, particularly the math and
science sections of the tests.
C) Differences between African American and other children are apparent in infant measures of intelligence, or on
measures of habituation, by the time children are two to three years old.
D) The size of the difference in IQ scores between African American and white children is steadily increasing.
200
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
TB_07_76_Growth and Motor Development_LO 7.1_APA LO 1.1
Dr. Robinson is giving five-year-old Deion a pre-kindergarten physical examination. When Dr. Robinson asks
Deion to draw a picture of his house, Deion’s ________ are being assessed.
TB_07_77_The Brain and Nervous System_LO 7.2_APA LO 1.1
When the left and right hemispheres of the cerebral cortex undergo functional specialization, it is called ________.
TB_07_78_The Brain and Nervous System_LO 7.2_APA LO 1.1
Left handedness accounts for ________% of the population.
TB_07_79_Health and Wellness_LO 7.3_APA LO 1.3
In the United States, the major cause of death of preschool and school-age children is ________.
TB_07_80_Abuse and Neglect_LO 7.4_APA LO 1.3
In the United States, most cases of child abuse involve ________ injuries.
201
TB_07_81_Piaget’s Preoperational Stage_LO 7.5_APA LO 1.1
According to Piaget, at about age two, children begin to use ________ in their thinking.
TB_07_82_Piaget’s Preoperational Stage_LO 7.5_APA LO 1.1
The inability to consider the perspective of others is called ________.
TB_07_83_Research Report_LO 7.5_APA LO 1.1
Susie and Sally and their cousins Samuel and Stanley are playing “wedding.” They are using lace curtains for the
bride’s dress, and each person has a role to play. This is an example of ________ play.
TB_07_84_Alternative Theories of Early Childhood Thinking_LO 7.8_APA LO 1.1
The ability to control and reflect on your own memory functions is called ________.
TB_07_85_Fast-Mapping_LO 7.9_APA LO 1.1
________ are the actual objects and events that we use words to represent.
202
TB_07_86_The Grammar Explosion_LO 7.10_APA LO 1.1
When Simon says, “My hamster runned away,” he is using ________.
TB_07_87_Measuring Intelligence_LO 7.12_APA LO 1.1
The IQ score considered average is ________.
TB_07_88_Origins of Individual Differences in Intelligence_LO 7.13_APA LO 1.1
According to your text, despite strong genetic influences, an individual’s IQ score can vary within its ________,
depending on environmental influences.
TB_07_89_Group Differences in Intelligence Test Scores_LO 7.14_APA LO 1.1
Flynn argues that many theorists neglect to include ________ beliefs when they claim a genetic predisposition for
intelligence.
203
Short Answer Questions
TB_07_90_Growth and Motor Development_LO 7.1_APA LO 1.1
Give five examples of gross motor skills that should be developed by the age of five years.
TB_07_91_The Brain and Nervous System_LO 7.2_APA LO 1.1
What is the basic function of the corpus callosum?
TB_07_92_Piaget’s Preoperational Stage_LO 7.5_APA LO 1.1
What is the major milestone in communication that occurs during Piaget’s preoperational stage?
TB_07_93_Piaget’s Preoperational Stage_LO 7.5_APA LO 1.1
Define constructive play.
TB_07_94_Theories of Mind_LO 7.7_APA LO 1.1
You give a three-year-old child a large plastic canister with pictures of blocks on it. The child shakes the canister
and it rattles, but when she opens it, she finds that it contains large beads. What will the child assume about the
expectations of the next person who receives the canister? What is this phenomenon called?
204
TB_07_95_Alternative Theories of Early Childhood Thinking_LO 7.8_APA LO 1.1
Define the terms short-term storage space and operational efficiency.
TB_07_96_Alternative Theories of Early Childhood Thinking_LO 7.8_APA LO 1.1
If a child follows a certain procedure each morning when they get out of bed, what are they using?
TB_07_97_Alternative Theories of Early Childhood Thinking_LO 7.8_APA LO 1.1
Who coined the term zone of proximal development and what does it mean?
TB_07_98_The Grammar Explosion_LO 7.10_APA LO 1.1
Define the concept of inflections. What is the most common inflection that English-speaking children will use first?
TB_07_99_Origins of Individual Differences in Intelligence_LO 7.13_APA LO 1.1
What are some of the residual effects of enriched preschool experiences?
205
TB_07_100_Origins of Individual Differences in Intelligence_LO 7.13_APA LO 1.1
What types of studies are of the greatest value in testing whether or not a behavior is genetically influenced?
TB_07_101_Origins of Individual Differences in Intelligence_LO 7.13_APA LO 1.1
Define the concept of reaction range.
TB_07_102_Measuring Intelligence_LO 7.12_APA LO 1.1
How do the IQ scores of young children differ from those of older children or adults?
206
Essay Questions
TB_07_103_The Brain and Nervous System_LO 7.2_APA LO 1.1
Explain infantile amnesia its causes and characteristics.
TB_07_104_Developmental Science at Home_LO 7.2_APA LO 1.1
List and explain five bedtime practices that parents can use to condition a child to sleep in their own bed.
TB_07_105_Abuse and Neglect_LO 7.4_APA LO 1.3
Identify the sociocultural factors that may contribute to child abuse.
TB_07_106_Research Report_LO 7.5_APA LO 1.1
Summarize key features of the developmental sequences of children’s play from ages 1 to 6, as discussed in your
text.
207
TB_07_107_Alternative Theories of Early Childhood Thinking_LO 7.8_APA LO 1.1
Identify and describe Vygotsky’s stages of cognitive development from birth to age 7.
TB_07_108_Phonological Awareness_LO 7.11_APA LO 1.1
Why should parents be concerned about their child’s phonological awareness? How can parents help their child
develop phonological awareness?
TB_07_109_Measuring Intelligence_LO 7.12_APA LO 1.1
Explain the normal curve as it relates to IQ scores. What is the range of normal to abnormal IQ scores?
TB_07_110_No Easy Answers_LO 7.12_APA LO 1.1
Summarize the advantages and disadvantages of IQ testing.