138
TB_05_56_The First Words_LO 5.10_APA LO 1.1
Around what age do we typically see the emergence of holophrases?
A) Two years
B) 12–18 months
C) 6 months
D) 18–20 months
TB_05_57_The First Sentences_LO 5.11_APA LO 1.1
What is the term used by linguists for grammatical markers?
A) Inflections
B) Holophrases
C) Reductions
D) Monophrases
TB_05_58_The First Sentences_LO 5.11_APA LO 1.1
“Mommy sick!” is an example of which type of language?
A) Exclamatory meaning
B) A compound sentence
C) A hologram
D) Telegraphic speech
TB_05_59_Individual Differences in Language Development_LO 5.12_APA LO 1.1
What is one factor that influences the rate at which a child acquires language skills?
A) The child’s gross motor skill abilities
B) The number of people who talk to the child daily
C) The number of languages to which the child has daily exposure
D) The growth rate of the child
139
TB_05_60_Individual Differences in Language Development_LO 5.12_APA LO 1.1
Rodney is focusing on the individual sounds, rhythm, and intonation of the language his family speaks. How old is
Rodney?
A) 20 weeks
B) 8–9 months
C) 12 months
D) 18 months
TB_05_61_Individual Differences in Language Development_LO 5.12_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following statements is true regarding children who talk late?
A) Less than half the children who talk late ever catch up with the mainstream.
B) Among late talkers, delays in language development are unrelated to matters of general cognitive development.
C) Late talkers are usually suffering from organic deficits.
D) The children who do not catch up with their peers usually have receptive language deficits.
TB_05_62_Individual Differences in Language Development_LO 5.12_APA LO 1.1
Morgan does not seem to understand what is said to her or around her nearly as well as her playmates. Based on
your reading, what else might we assume about Morgan’s development?
A) Morgan had poorly developed gross motor skills.
B) Morgan is probably a late talker.
C) Morgan has poorly developed fine motor skills.
D) Morgan will probably not be particularly creative.
140
TB_05_63_Individual Differences in Language Development_LO 5.12_APA LO 1.1
Eric has begun to use two-word sentences and has an expressive vocabulary of about 200 words. About how old is
Eric?
A) 18–20 months
B) 12–18 months
C) 8–10 months
D) 12 months
TB_05_64_Individual Differences in Language Development_LO 5.12_APA LO 1.1
Charelle coos when she is talked to and has just begun to make various consonant and vowel sounds when cooing.
About how old is she?
A) 12 months
B) 2 months
C) 5 months
D) 9 months
TB_05_65_Individual Differences in Language Development_LO 5.12_APA LO 1.1
At approximately what age do children begin to respond with smiles and cooing when talked to?
A) 6–7 months
B) 2–3 months
C) 12 months
D) 8–9 months
TB_05_66_No Easy Answers_LO 5.12_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following statements is true with regard to bilingual children?
A) Bilingual children who are fluent in both languages have only moderate learning difficulties in school.
B) Bilingualism is associated with deficits in metalinguistic ability.
C) For adults, the advantages of being bilingual outweigh any problems experienced in childhood.
D) Compared to monolingual children, bilingual children show no differences in acquiring reading skills.
141
TB_05_67_Language Development across Cultures_LO 5.13_APA LO 1.1
With regard to language development, which statement is correct?
A) Telegraphic speech begins around 18 months.
B) Holophrases appear after telegraphic speech.
C) Babies in Asian cultures babble before they coo.
D) Babies cannot understand language before they can speak it.
TB_05_68_Language Development across Cultures_LO 5.13_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following statements is true when comparing language development in different cultures?
A) Babies in some cultures do not coo before they babble, as they do in most other cultures.
B) In some cultures, the use of holophrases begins at about the age of 18 months.
C) The use of holophrases seems to precede the use of telegraphic speech in every language.
D) In some cultures, babies’ first words do not appear until much later than other cultures.
TB_05_69_Language Development across Cultures_LO 5.13_APA LO 1.1
If I am speaking to you in Japanese and you are not paying attention, what word might I use to get your attention?
A) Ne
B) Yo
C) Te
D) Ye
TB_05_70_Measuring Intelligence in Infancy_LO 5.14_APA LO 1.1
What is the most widely used test that attempts to measure the intelligence of infants?
A) Bayley Scales
B) Stanford-Binet IQ test
C) WISC-R
D) WAIS
142
TB_05_71_Measuring Intelligence in Infancy_LO 5.14_APA LO 1.1
Infant intelligence tests primarily gauge intelligence by measuring
A) sensory and motor skills.
B) cognitive and language skills.
C) sensory and language skills.
D) expressive and receptive language skills.
TB_05_72_Measuring Intelligence in Infancy_LO 5.14_APA LO 1.1
According to your text, what is the drawback of tests that measure development in the first 2 years?
A) They tend to overestimate later rates of impairment in such children.
B) They tend to underestimate later rates of impairment in such children.
C) They do not assess fine motor skills in children.
D) They use language that children under the age of 2 are not capable of understanding.
TB_05_73_Measuring Intelligence in Infancy_LO 5.14_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following best defines intelligence?
A) The ability to rapidly solve problems
B) The ability to use information and solve problems across a variety of cultures
C) The ability to take in and use information to function within a particular environment
D) The ability to function well within one’s family
TB_05_74_Measuring Intelligence in Infancy_LO 5.14_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following is included in the Bayley III scales of infant intelligence that was not included in earlier
versions?
A) Items that assess cognitive and language development
B) Items that assess motor skills
C) Items that assess sensory skills
D) Items that assess sensorimotor intelligence
143
TB_05_75_Measuring Intelligence in Infancy_LO 5.14_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following items would test a child’s cognitive skills?
A) Putting cubes into a cup
B) Building a tower of cubes
C) Uncovering a toy hidden by a cloth
D) Reaching for a dangling ring
144
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
TB_05_76_Piaget’s View of the First 2 Years_LO 5.1_APA LO 1.1
The primary technique of interacting with the world in the first substage of Piaget’s sensorimotor stage is ________.
TB_05_77_Piaget’s View of the First 2 Years_LO 5.1_APA LO 1.1
Beginning in the ________ substage of Piaget’s cognitive development, babies will look for partially hidden objects.
TB_05_78_Piaget’s View of the First 2 Years_LO 5.1_APA LO 1.1
Gregory is a six-month-old baby boy. He is learning about his environment through touching things, putting things
in his mouth, and scooting around on the floor. According to Piaget, Greg is in the ________ stage of cognitive
development.
TB_05_79_Piaget’s View of the First 2 Years_LO 5.1_APA LO 1.1
According to your text, means-end behavior is ________.
TB_05_80_Alternative Approaches_LO 5.3_APA LO 1.1
A child’s understanding of the nature of objects, their properties, and how they work is called ________.
145
TB_05_81_Alternative Approaches_LO 5.3_APA LO 1.1
The violation of ________ method is a research strategy in which a child is habituated to a display of objects and
then is shown another display in which the objects move in a way that is different to what the infant is anticipating.
TB_05_82_Conditioning and Modeling_LO 5.3_APA LO 1.1
Kayla was given several different, brightly colored balls to play with one after the other. After about ball number
seven, Kayla seemed to lose interest. When she was given a stuffed animal, she showed renewed interest. An
element of schematic learning called ________ is behind Kayla’s renewed interest.
TB_05_83_Theoretical Perspectives_LO 5.7_APA LO 1.1
In some languages, nouns and verbs are stressed sounds, and children who speak those languages seem to learn
nouns and verbs first. In other languages, prefixes and suffixes are stressed and children learn those sounds first.
This idea that children are preprogrammed to focus on “stressed” sounds is a part of the ________ view of language
development.
TB_05_84_Theoretical Perspectives_LO 5.7_APA LO 1.1
The innate language processor that some theorists believe children are born with is called the ________.
TB_05_85_Theoretical Perspectives_LO 5.7_APA LO 1.1
Children combine several gestures in their pretend play at around the same time that they first show two or three-
word sentences in their speech. This supports the ________ view of language development.
146
TB_05_86_Early Milestones of Language Development_LO 5.9_APA LO 1.1
When a baby makes repetitive vowel sounds, such as the UUU sound, we call it ________ .
TB_05_87_The First Sentences_LO 5.11_APA LO 1.1
According to your text, all grammatical markers are missing from ________, the short simple sentences children
generally begin to use between 18 and 24 months.
TB_05_88_Individual Differences in Language Development_LO 5.12_APA LO 1.1
The ________ with which children acquire language skill varies widely.
TB_05_89_Language Development across Cultures_LO 5.13_APA LO 1.1
TB_05_90_Measuring Intelligence in Infancy_LO 5.14_APA LO 1.1
Tests that measure intelligence in infancy measure primarily ________ and ________ skills.
147
Short Answer Questions
TB_05_91_Piaget’s View of the First 2 Years_LO 5.1_APA LO 1.1
List, in order, the techniques involved in the substages of sensorimotor development between the ages of 1 and 12
months.
TB_05_92_Piaget’s View of the First 2 Years_LO 5.1_APA LO 1.1
At what age do children develop object permanence? Give an example of how a child might demonstrate this ability.
TB_05_93_Alternative Approaches_LO 5.3_APA LO 1.1
How do the beliefs of Spelke differ from Piaget in terms of object permanence?
TB_05_94_Memory_LO 5.6_APA LO 1.1
What is the youngest age at which infants can remember specific objects?
TB_05_95_Theoretical Perspectives_LO 5.7_APA LO 1.1
According to B. F. Skinner, how does babbling develop into language?
148
TB_05_96_Theoretical Perspectives_LO 5.7_APA LO 1.1
TB_05_97_ Influences on Language Development _LO 5.8_APA LO 1.1
According to Werker, what purpose does IDS serve?
TB_05_98_Early Milestones of Language Development_LO 5.9_APA LO 1.1
Define babbling.
TB_05_99_Early Milestones of Language Development_LO 5.9_APA LO 1.1
What other activity will typically accompany babbling when a child wants something?
TB_05_100_The First Words_LO 5.10_APA LO 1.1
What are holophrases? Give an example.
149
TB_05_101_The First Sentences_LO 5.11_APA LO 1.1
What are the characteristics of first sentences?
TB_05_102_The First Sentences_LO 5.11_APA LO 1.1
Identify a language milestone typical of a 19-month-old child.
TB_05_103_Language Development across Cultures_LO 5.13_APA LO 1.1
What is the relationship between holophrases, telegraphic speech and word order in different languages?
TB_05_104_Measuring Intelligence in Infancy_LO 5.14_APA LO 1.1
Which is the best-known and most widely used infant intelligence test?
150
Essay Questions
TB_05_105_Piaget’s View of the First 2 Years_LO 5.1_APA LO 1.1
Explain primary circular reactions and give an example.
TB_05_106_Piaget’s View of the First 2 Years_LO 5.1_APA LO 1.1
What is meant by the A-not-B error? When is this error typically resolved?
TB_05_107_Challenges to Piaget’s View_LO 5.2_APA LO 1.1
What basic flaw of Piaget’s theory persists in his explanation of deferred imitation? Give three specific examples
that contradict Piaget’s assumptions.
TB_05_108_Alternative Approaches_LO 5.3_APA LO 1.1
Briefly describe Spelke’s research regarding object concept. What does her research show?
151
TB_05_109_Theoretical Perspectives_LO 5.7_APA LO 1.1
Compare and contrast the interactionist view and the nativist view on infant language development.
TB_05_110_Research Report_LO 5.9_APA LO 1.1
Discuss how gestural language is both similar and different between hearing and non-hearing infants.
TB_05_111_Individual Differences in Language Development_LO 5.12_APA LO 1.1
Explain how language changes for children between 12 months and 20 months.
TB_05_112_No Easy Answers_LO 5.13_APA LO 1.1
Clarify some of the advantages and disadvantages of growing up in a bilingual household.