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TEST BANK
CHAPTER 3: PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT AND BIRTH
Multiple Choice Questions
TB_03_01_The Process of Conception_LO 3.1_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following is a correct statement about the events leading up to conception?
A) Ordinarily, a woman produces two ova per month, one from each of her ovaries.
B) Conception normally takes place in the uterus.
C) After ejaculation, sperm travel the following path: the woman’s vagina, cervix, uterus, and fallopian tube.
D) After ovulation, the ovum travels down the uterus to the fallopian tube.
TB_03_02_The Process of Conception_LO 3.1_APA LO 1.1
Where does the fertilization of the ovum take place in a normal pregnancy?
A) Ovary
B) Uterus
C) Fallopian tubes
D) Vagina
TB_03_03_The Process of Conception_LO 3.1_APA LO 1.1
The nucleus of the typical human cell contains how many chromosomes?
A) 46 pairs
B) 23 pairs
C) 48 pairs
D) 22 pairs
TB_03_04_The Process of Conception_LO 3.1_APA LO 1.1
Chromosomes are composed of which of the following?
A) Gametes contributed by ova and sperm
B) Monozygotic and dizygotic genes
C) Molecules of deoxyribonucleic acid
D) Homozygous alleles arranged in ladder fashion
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TB_03_05_The Process of Conception_LO 3.1_APA LO 1.1
What is the term used to describe cells that unite at conception?
A) Chromosomes
B) Gametes
C) Zygotes
D) Genes
TB_03_06_The Process of Conception_LO 3.1_APA LO 1.1
What is the difference between gametes and all other body cells?
A) Gametes contain only 23 chromosomes; other body cells contain 46.
B) Normal body cells have 46 pairs of chromosomes, and sex cells have 23 pairs of autosomes.
C) Sex cells are called gametes, and normal body cells are called autosomes.
D) Gametes contain 46 chromosomes; other body cells contain 23 pairs.
TB_03_07_The Process of Conception_LO 3.1_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following statements is true regarding prenatal sex differentiation?
A) Sex differentiation begins at around 4 to 8 weeks of gestation.
B) If androgens are present, female genitalia develop regardless of the chromosomal makeup of the fetus.
C) In the absence of the SRX gene, an XY fetus will develop female genitalia.
D) The absence of a Y chromosome will ensure the development of male genitalia.
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TB_03_08_Research Report_LO 3.1_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following is true of identical twin studies?
A) It is clear that fraternal twins reared together are more likely than identical twins to exhibit similar behaviors.
B) The study of monozygotic twins is important because it helps us, to some extent, identify genetic versus
environmental causes of behavior.
C) Even biological characteristics such as hair and eye color are somewhat influenced by environment.
D) The study of dizygotic twins is important because it helps us rule out environmental causes of behavior.
TB_03_09_How Genes Influence Development_LO 3.2_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following terms describes an individual’s unique genetic blueprint, which is created from genes
contributed by both parents?
A) Phenotype
B) Genotype
C) Karyotype
D) DNA
TB_03_10_How Genes Influence Development_LO 3.2_APA LO 1.1
Meko has dark hair and dark eyes, even though his biological mother is fair-skinned. Meko’s hair and eye color are
part of his
A) genotype.
B) embryonic cell map.
C) polygenic factoring.
D) phenotype.
TB_03_11_How Genes Influence Development_LO 3.2_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following is true of a trait controlled by a dominant gene?
A) The trait will be expressed even if the instructions of the corresponding gene in the other half of the pair are
different.
B) The trait may or may not be expressed, depending upon whether environmental conditions facilitate or prevent
the expression of the trait.
C) The trait will always be a positive, beneficial trait.
D) The trait will be expressed only if the instructions of the corresponding gene in the other half of the pair are the
same.
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TB_03_12_How Genes Influence Development_LO 3.2_APA LO 1.1
Phillip has red hair, which comes from a recessive gene. This must mean that Phillip received the gene from
A) his mother.
B) his father.
C) both parents.
D) neither parent (environmental causes).
TB_03_13_How Genes Influence Development_LO 3.2_APA LO 1.1
Under what circumstance(s) will a recessive gene be expressed?
A) When the gene is carried on the Y chromosome
B) When the gene is from the mother
C) When it is paired with another recessive gene for the same trait
D) When it is carried on the X chromosome
TB_03_14_How Genes Influence Development_LO 3.2_APA LO 1.1
My father has type A blood and my mother has type O blood. What will my blood type be?
A) There is insufficient information here to tell.
B) B+
C) A or O
D) B-
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TB_03_15_How Genes Influence Development_LO 3.2_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following is the best example of the expressivity of genes?
A) Michelle and Michael are twins and they exhibit similar behaviors.
B) Manuel’s tendency to be emotional is determined by recessive genes he received from both his parents.
C) Clara’s blood type is AB because her mother was heterozygous for type B and her father was heterozygous for
type A.
D) Linda received a dominant gene for freckles from her father, but Linda’s freckles are smaller, lighter, and more
widely scattered than those of her father.
TB_03_16_How Genes Influence Development_LO 3.2_APA LO 1.1
What is the term for the pattern of inheritance in which many genes influence a trait?
A) Polymorphic inheritance
B) Polygenic inheritance
C) Monomorphic inheritance
D) Monogenic inheritance
TB_03_17_How Genes Influence Development_LO 3.2_APA LO 1.1
Skylar has brown eyes, thin lips, and curly brown hair. Which of these traits is polygenic?
A) Brown eyes
B) Thin lips
C) Curly hair
TB_03_18_How Genes Influence Development_LO 3.2_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following is true of a trait that is passed through mitochondrial inheritance?
A) It is inherited as a multifactorial trait.
B) It is passed from a mother to her children.
C) It is found only on the Y chromosome.
D) It is a co-dominant trait.
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TB_03_19_How Genes Influence Development_LO 3.2_APA LO 1.1
Recent research has found that diseases that appear as we age may be a result of which of the following?
A) Genomic imprinting
B) Polygenetic inheritance
C) Genomic inheritance
D) Polygenetic imprinting
TB_03_20_How Genes Influence Development_LO 3.2_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following best defines genomic imprinting?
A) The idea that we bond with the first moving object that we see
B) A chemical label that identifies whether a gene came from one’s father or mother
C) A genetic marker that indicates dominance or recession
D) A disease that is linked to a specific chromosome
TB_03_21_How Genes Influence Development_LO 3.2_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following terms describes physical traits that are influenced by both genes and the environment?
A) Polygenetic
B) Dominant-Recessive
C) Epifactorial
D) Multifactorial
TB_03_22_How Genes Influence Development_LO 3.2_APA LO 1.1
Samson is taller and has a higher IQ than either of his parents. Which of the following terms would be used to
explain this?
A) Adoption
B) Multifactorial inheritance
C) Environmentally influenced inheritance
D) Polygenetic inheritance
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TB_03_23_How Genes Influence Development_LO 3.2_APA LO 1.1
Janae and Sean are siblings who come from a family with a history of anxiety. Janae is somewhat anxious but
generally takes things in stride. Sean, however, is always concerned about his health, his job, and his family even
when there is no reason. Which of the following concepts best explains the difference between Janae and Sean?
A) Epilogical genetics
B) Dominant and recessive traits
C) Multifactorial inheritance
D) Mitochondrial inheritance
TB_03_24_Genetic Disorders_LO 3.3_APA LO 1.1
The genes that cause sex-linked disorders are found on the
A) genomes.
B) X chromosome.
C) autosomes.
D) Y chromosome.
TB_03_25_Genetic Disorders_LO 3.3_APA LO 1.1
Phenylketonuria is an example of which of the following?
A) A sex-linked recessive disorder
B) A disorder of immune function
C) An autosomal disorder
D) A gamete disorder
TB_03_26_Genetic Disorders_LO 3.3_APA LO 1.1
What percent of congenital disorders result from harmful genes or faulty chromosomes?
A) 30%
B) 10%
C) 3%
D) 40%
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TB_03_27_Genetic Disorders_LO 3.3_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following is caused by a gene on the X chromosome?
A) Tay-Sachs disease
B) Color blindness
C) PKU
D) Sickle-cell disease
TB_03_28_Genetic Disorders_LO 3.3_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following is an autosomal dominant disorder?
A) Huntington’s disease
B) Phenylketonuria
C) Sickle-cell disease
D) Tay-Sachs disease
TB_03_29_Genetic Disorders_LO 3.3_APA LO 1.1
Most sex-linked disorders are caused by which of the following?
A) Maternal alcoholism
B) Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
C) Recessive genes
D) Dominant genes
TB_03_30_Genetic Disorders_LO 3.3_APA LO 1.1
Which of these genetic disorders usually does not express symptoms until adulthood?
A) Tay-Sachs disease
B) Sickle-cell disease
C) Phenylketonuria
D) Huntington’s disease
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TB_03_31_Chromosomal Errors_LO 3.4_APA LO 1.1
What is a trisomy?
A) Three copies of a specific autosome
B) Fragile-X syndrome
C) A sex-linked syndrome
D) A third pair of chromosomes
TB_03_32_Chromosomal Errors_LO 3.4_APA LO 1.1
What is the prognosis for children born with trisomy 13 or 18?
A) They rarely live past infancy.
B) They develop facial tics and are usually autistic.
C) They usually live until adolescence.
D) They are predisposed to respiratory disorders such as cystic fibrosis.
TB_03_33_Chromosomal Errors_LO 3.4_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following individuals has the greatest risk for bearing a child with trisomy 21?
A) Mrs. Jones, who is 18 and has been addicted to drugs
B) Mrs. Black, age 45
C) Mrs. Garcia, age 30, who had in vitro fertilization
D) Mrs. Wallace, age 27, who is having her seventh child
TB_03_34_Chromosomal Errors_LO 3.4_APA LO 1.1
Reese is anatomically female, but did not develop breasts or menstruate at puberty and needed hormone therapy.
With which of the following was Reese most likely born?
A) Klinefelter’s syndrome
B) An extra Y chromosome
C) Turner’s syndrome
D) Down’s syndrome
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TB_03_35_Chromosomal Errors_LO 3.4_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following is the most common sex-chromosome anomaly?
A) Down syndrome
B) Klinefelter’s syndrome
C) PKU
TB_03_36_Chromosomal Errors_LO 3.4_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following is typical for individuals who have sex chromosome anomalies?
A) Problems controlling their weight
B) Facial anomalies or deformities
C) Learning difficulties
D) Puberty that occurs either very early or very late
TB_03_37_The Mother’s Experience_LO 3.5_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following happens during the first trimester of pregnancy?
A) Chemical messages are sent to the brain to start menstruation.
B) A woman can no longer tell if she’s pregnant by using a urine test.
C) The cervix thins and begins to stretch.
D) The zygote implants itself in the lining of the uterus.
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TB_03_38_The Mother’s Experience_LO 3.5_APA LO 1.1
Not long after Gloria found out she was pregnant, she began having pain. When she went to her doctor, she was told
that the zygote had implanted in her fallopian tube rather than in her uterus. What type of pregnancy is this?
A) A fallopian pregnancy
B) A zygotic pregnancy
C) An ectopic pregnancy
D) An interstitial pregnancy
TB_03_39_The Mother’s Experience_LO 3.5_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following is associated with the second trimester of pregnancy?
A) Formation of a mucus “plug” to seal the entrance to the uterus
B) The zygote implants on the uterine wall
C) Movements of the fetus
D) Nausea
TB_03_40_The Mother’s Experience_LO 3.5_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following is a condition that can cause a baby to grow too rapidly and result in premature labor or an
infant that is too large for a vaginal birth?
A) Ectopic pregnancy
B) Gestational diabetes
C) Hypothyroidism
D) High blood pressure
TB_03_41_The Mother’s Experience_LO 3.5_APA LO 1.1
Salina is becoming emotionally attached to her unborn fetus. Her breasts are secreting colostrum. Salina is most
likely in which trimester?
A) Third
B) Fourth
C) First
D) Second
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TB_03_42_Prenatal Development_LO 3.6_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following terms explains why the human brain develops before the reproductive system?
A) Spinal cord dysplasia
B) Prenatal gender differentiation
C) Cephalocaudal pattern
D) Differentiation of the lobes of the brain
TB_03_43_Prenatal Development_LO 3.6_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following is the best example of the proximodistal pattern of development during the prenatal period?
A) The spinal cord develops before the arms.
B) The digestive organs are formed before the heart.
C) Male growth patterns proceed more quickly than female patterns.
D) Differentiation of the gonads occurs before the eyes are formed.
TB_03_44_Prenatal Development_LO 3.6_APA LO 1.1
The embryonic stage of gestation covers what time period?
A) The first month
B) The first trimester
C) The first 2 to 8 weeks
D) The first 2 to 8 months
TB_03_45_Prenatal Development_LO 3.6_APA LO 1.1
A normally developing fetus has reached a length of 12 inches and weighs about one pound. Using ultrasound, it is
possible to tell if the fetus is male or female. In which stage of development is this fetus?
A) Germinal
B) Fetal
C) Embryonic
D) Implantation
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TB_03_46_Prenatal Development_LO 3.6_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following correctly lists the stages of prenatal development in order of progression?
A) Fetal, embryonic, germinal
B) Zygotic, germinal, embryonic
C) Germinal, embryonic, fetal
D) Embryonic, fetal, germinal
TB_03_47_Prenatal Development_LO 3.6_APA LO 1.1
A blastocyst is floating inside of Daria’s uterus. In what stage is Daria’s pregnancy?
A) Fetal
B) Embryonic
C) Zygotic
D) Germinal
TB_03_48_Prenatal Development_LO 3.6_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following is formed from cells from the outer layer of the blastocyst and the uterine wall?
A) The gamete
B) The amniotic sac
C) The placenta
D) The blastocyst
TB_03_49_Prenatal Development_LO 3.6_APA LO 1.1
Which stage begins when implantation is complete and continues through organogenesis?
A) Embryonic stage
B) Germinal stage
C) Fetal stage
D) Teratogenic stage
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TB_03_50_Prenatal Development_LO 3.6_APA LO 1.1
Organogenesis is
A) the process by which an embryo’s sex organs (uterus, ovaries, penis, testes) are sufficiently formed to allow sex
determination.
B) the way the placenta, amnion, and umbilical cord begin to function.
C) when the germinal stage ends and the next stage of prenatal development begins.
D) the process by which the basic structures of the embryo’s organs, organ systems, and body parts are completed.
TB_03_51_Prenatal Development_LO 3.6_APA LO 1.1
At what point does the fetal period begin?
A) When the process of organogenesis is complete
B) Immediately after the sex of the child can be determined
C) After the dendritic arbor forms around the umbilical cord
D) When implantation is complete
TB_03_52_Prenatal Development_LO 3.6_APA LO 1.1
When does a developing infant begin to respond to sound?
A) 6–10 weeks
B) 13–16 weeks
C) 22–26 weeks
D) 36–40 weeks
TB_03_53_Prenatal Development_LO 3.6_APA LO 1.1
Lorna notices that her fetus has begun to kick and move. Her physician tells her that she can hear a heartbeat with a
stethoscope. Lorna is most likely at what point in her pregnancy?
A) 9–12 weeks
B) 13–16 weeks
C) 17–20 weeks
D) 32–36 weeks
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TB_03_54_Prenatal Development_LO 3.6_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following best describes neuronal proliferation?
A) The spreading of peripheral nerves from the central nervous system, which takes place between 10 and 18 weeks
of gestation
B) The rapid increase in the formation of neurons, which takes place between 10 and 18 weeks of gestation
C) The rapid formation of nerves in the brain and spinal cord, which takes place during the first trimester
D) The rapid increase in the formation of neurons, which takes place between 8 and 12 weeks of gestation
TB_03_55_Prenatal Development_LO 3.6_APA LO 1.1
Synapses are formed following the development of which of the following neural structures?
A) Cell bodies and axons
B) Dendrites and neurons
C) Axons and dendrites
D) Cell bodies and dendrites
TB_03_56_Prenatal Development_LO 3.6_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following serve to hold neurons together?
A) Axonal cells
B) Glial cells
C) Myelin sheath
D) Dendritic cells
TB_03_57_Prenatal Behavior_LO 3.8_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following is a conclusion drawn from The Cat in the Hat studies?
A) That newborn infants respond to sounds that they heard during the last trimester of development
B) That newborn infants prefer the sound of their mother’s voice over that of strangers
C) That developing fetuses are unable to hear
D) That developing fetuses are able to hear, but they cannot distinguish between differing sounds