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TB_03_58_How Teratogens Influence Development_LO 3.9_APA LO 1.1
Nadia is exposed to high levels of radiation during the 6th, 7th, and 8th weeks of gestation. Which of the following
organ structures in the fetus are most likely to show abnormalities?
A) Only the brain and spinal cord
B) The heart and lungs
C) The palate of the mouth and the ears
D) Virtually all organ systems are vulnerable during this time.
TB_03_59_Drugs, Tobacco, and Alcohol_LO 3.10_APA LO 1.1
Your friend is taking Accutane for her adult acne. She comes to you and says that she thinks she is pregnant. What is
the best advice that you can give her?
A) She shouldn’t worry, as Accutane has been proven safe for pregnant mothers.
B) Accutane is likely to cause skin disorders in her fetus, so she should stop taking it.
C) It is best to see her doctor as soon as possible to determine whether or not the drug is safe.
D) As long as she is getting adequate nutrition and taking prenatal vitamins, she shouldn’t worry about drug effects
on the fetus.
TB_03_60_Drugs, Tobacco, and Alcohol_LO 3.10_APA LO 1.1
Of the following, which is a true statement about the influence of heroin and methadone upon prenatal and infant
development?
A) Heroin or methadone use can cause miscarriage, premature labor, and death of the infant.
B) Few babies born to heroin- or methadone-addicted women are born addicted to the drugs, too.
C) Infants born to heroin-addicted women are genetically predisposed to be adult addicts.
D) The quality of the home environment is irrelevant in the development of infants who were prenatally exposed to
heroin or methadone.
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TB_03_61_Drugs, Tobacco, and Alcohol_LO 3.10_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following best summarizes our understanding of the effects of maternal cocaine use on fetuses and
infants?
A) The defects in the infant are usually cognitive; e.g., mental retardation.
B) The effects are very similar to fetal alcohol spectrum disorder; e.g., physical defects and mental retardation.
C) The effects are similar to those of heroin, such as high-pitched crying, tremors, and convulsions.
D) The effects are not clearly understood because it is difficult to separate the effects of cocaine from those of
poverty and other drugs.
TB_03_62_Drugs, Tobacco, and Alcohol_LO 3.10_APA LO 1.1
Carmelita has smoked an average of one pack of cigarettes per day throughout her pregnancy. How is this likely to
affect her fetus?
A) The infant will have an elevated risk of mental retardation and deafness.
B) The infant is likely to be born with physical deformities.
C) The infant may weigh less than normal at birth.
D) The research is unclear as to the effects of smoking on fetuses.
TB_03_63_Drugs, Tobacco, and Alcohol_LO 3.10_APA LO 1.1
What does current research say about smoking during pregnancy?
A) Nicotine is powerfully addictive, and smoking mothers risk giving birth to an addicted neonate who would
experience respiratory distress, asthma, or emphysema.
B) Nicotine has been linked to mental retardation in infants whose mothers smoked during their entire pregnancies.
C) Pregnant women should quit smoking because infants whose mothers smoked during pregnancy weigh an
average of one-half pound less at birth.
D) Infants whose mothers smoked during pregnancy have higher rates of heart defects and lung defects.
TB_03_64_Drugs, Tobacco, and Alcohol_LO 3.10_APA LO 1.1
Mrs. Lincoln is receiving information and advice about prenatal care from her health care team. With regard to
alcohol, what advice will they most likely give Mrs. Lincoln?
A) Drink only in moderation.
B) Avoid alcohol entirely.
C) Avoid liquors such as whiskey and bourbon, but beer and wine in moderation are acceptable.
D) Limit drinking to two drinks per week.
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TB_03_65_Drugs, Tobacco, and Alcohol_LO 3.10_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following is a characteristic of a child born with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder?
A) The child may be born larger than other infants of comparable maturity and may continue to be larger than its age
peers throughout life.
B) The child may have a very high physical activity level or may even be hyperactive.
C) The child may be mentally retarded.
D) The child may have a large, broad nose.
TB_03_66_Maternal Diseases_LO 3.11_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following is true regarding prenatal infection with HIV?
A) Transmission of HIV and AIDS occurs 100% of the time in infants of infected mothers.
B) Transmission is equally likely when the mother has HIV or AIDS.
C) Transmission is more likely when the mother has AIDS rather than HIV.
D) Transmission is more likely when the mother has HIV rather than AIDS.
TB_03_67_Maternal Diseases_LO 3.11_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following is not a sexually transmitted disease that can be passed to the fetus during vaginal birth?
A) HIV
B) Genital herpes
C) Rubella
D) Gonorrhea
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TB_03_68_Maternal Diseases_LO 3.11_APA LO 1.1
Gina appeared to be a healthy pregnant woman but her baby was born with central nervous system damage, and later
it was determined that the child was completely deaf and has mental retardation. Which of the following would be
the most likely cause?
A) HIV
B) Cytomegalovirus
C) Syphilis
D) Rubella
TB_03_69_Other Maternal Influences on Prenatal Development_LO 3.12_APA LO 1.1
Pregnant women should eat foods high in folic acid, such as beans or spinach, during pregnancy. What is the
purpose of this dietary recommendation?
A) To help moderate the effects of teratogens to which the fetus might be exposed
B) To reduce the effects of stress on the fetus
C) To ensure sufficient weight gain for a healthy baby
D) To reduce the risk of neural tube defects such as spina bifida
TB_03_70_Other Maternal Influences on Prenatal Development_LO 3.12_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following is associated with maternal malnutrition?
A) A decreased risk of delivering a low birth weight infant
B) The delayed expression of adaptive reflexes
C) The development of mental illnesses in adulthood
D) Brain abnormalities in which both the weight and volume of the brain are enlarged
TB_03_71_Other Maternal Influences on Prenatal Development_LO 3.12_APA LO 1.1
When researchers have examined the relationship between maternal emotions and prenatal development, the most
consistent finding has been that
A) stressful psychological states, such as anxiety or depression, lead to spontaneous abortion or fetal death.
B) fetuses of severely distressed mothers tend to grow more slowly.
C) there is no link between maternal emotions and the development of the infant.
D) infants whose mothers were anxious or depressed are more likely to be anxious or depressed as adults.
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TB_03_72_Fetal Assessment and Treatment_LO 3.13_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following is a commonly used prenatal diagnostic procedure?
A) Alpha-fetoprotein test
B) Positron emission transmission imaging
C) Functional magnetic resonance imaging
D) Electroencephalography
TB_03_73_Birth Choices_LO 3.14_APA LO 1.1
How are newborn infants affected by medications given to the mother during the birthing process?
A) Infants are not affected by birth medications because the placenta effectively filters such medications.
B) Birth medications typically have no observable short- or long-term effects upon an infant.
C) Birth medications significantly depress infant respiration and heart rate and pose considerable risk to infant
mortality.
D) Infants whose mothers received analgesics or anesthetics during labor are usually more sluggish, spend more
TB_03_74_The Physical Process of Birth_LO 3.15_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following is the final stage of labor?
A) Delivery of the baby
B) Dilation and effacement of the cervix
C) Latent, moderate contractions
D) Delivery of the placenta
TB_03_75_Assessing the Neonate_LO 3.16_APA LO 1.1
Which of the following aspects of neonatal functioning is assessed by the Apgar scale?
A) Weight
B) Height
C) Hair color
D) Skin color
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Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
TB_03_76_The Process of Conception_LO 3.1_APA LO 1.1
Conception takes place in the ________.
TB_03_77_ The Process of Conception_LO 3.1_APA LO 1.1
The generic term for both ovaries and testes is ________.
TB_03_78_How Genes Influence Development_LO 3.2_APA LO 1.1
Blake carries two dominant genes for brown eyes. Blake is therefore ________ in his eye color chromosomes.
TB_03_79_Genetic Disorders_LO 3.3_APA LO 1.1
________ disease is an autosomal disorder most often seen in people of West African descent.
TB_03_80_Genetic Disorders_LO 3.3_APA LO 1.1
Color blindness is considered a sex-linked disorder because the gene is only carried on the ________ chromosome.
TB_03_81_Prenatal Development_LO 3.6_APA LO 1.1
Prenatal care is especially critical during the first 8 weeks of gestation because ________ is taking place.
86
TB_03_82_Prenatal Development_LO 3.6_APA LO 1.1
The fetus begins to respond to light during the ________ stage.
TB_03_83_Prenatal Development_LO 3.6_APA LO 1.1
________ receive information into the body of a neuron while ________ carry that information along the length of
the neuron.
TB_03_84_Prenatal Development_LO 3.6_APA LO 1.1
________ cells hold neurons together and give shape to neural structures.
TB_03_85_How Teratogens Influence Development_LO 3.9_APA LO 1.1
Children born to Japanese mothers who were pregnant during the bombing of Hiroshima displayed varying effects
of disorders after birth. This variation can be explained in terms of ________ periods of development.
TB_03_86_Drugs, Tobacco, and Alcohol_LO 3.10_APA LO 1.1
An infant who is born with low birth weight, flattened nose, hearing loss, and heart defects is likely suffering from
________.
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TB_03_87_Maternal Diseases_LO 3.11_APA LO 1.1
Infants who acquire HIV from their mother typically become ill within the first ________ of life.
TB_03_88_Other Maternal Influences on Prenatal Development_LO 3.12_APA LO 1.1
Lead is an example of a ________.
TB_03_89_Fetal Assessment and Treatment_LO 3.13_APA LO 1.1
________ involves the insertion of a tiny camera into the uterus.
TB_03_90_Low Birth Weight and Preterm Birth_LO 3.17_APA LO 1.1
All neonates below ________ are classified as having low birth weights.
Short Answer Questions
TB_03_91_The Process of Conception_LO 3.1_APA LO 1.1
In the absence of sperm, what happens to the ovum after ovulation?
TB_03_92_Research Report_LO 3.1_APA LO 1.1
What does the most current research say about the exactness of traits in identical twins?
TB_03_93_Research Report_LO 3.1_APA LO 1.1
List, in order, from the highest correlation to the lowest, the similarities in behaviors between four groups of twins
and non-twin siblings.
TB_03_94_How Genes Influence Development_LO 3.2_APA LO 1.1
List any three polygenic traits.
TB_03_95_How Genes Influence Development_LO 3.2_APA LO 1.1
Give an example of physical traits that could result from multifactorial inheritance.
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1. Huntington’s disease
2. high blood pressure
3. extra digits
4. migraine headaches
5. schizophrenia
Page Ref: 55
Level: 2-Medium
Topic: Genetic Disorders
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 3.3: What are the effects of the major dominant, recessive, and sex-linked diseases?
APA LO: 1.1
TB_03_97_The Mother’s Experience_LO 3.5_APA LO 1.1
Identify three things that a pregnant mother is likely to experience during the second trimester of her pregnancy.
TB_03_98_Prenatal Development_LO 3.6_APA LO 1.1
What is meant by the cephalocaudal pattern of development? Give an example.
TB_03_99_Prenatal Development_LO 3.6_APA LO 1.1
List three physical changes in the fetus that occur between weeks 25 and 32 of gestation.
TB_03_100_How Teratogens Influence Development_LO 3.9_APA LO 1.1
At what period during gestation will a palate abnormality likely develop if the fetus is exposed to teratogens?
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TB_03_101_Drugs, Tobacco, and Alcohol_LO 3.10_APA LO 1.1
If a mother smokes during her pregnancy, what are some of the deficits that the child may experience as it ages?
TB_03_102_Maternal Diseases_LO 3.11_APA LO 1.1
Briefly explain the implications of delivery when the mother has genital herpes.
TB_03_103_Fetal Assessment and Treatment_LO 3.13_APA LO 1.1
What are the three types of body fluids that can be used to assess fetal development?
TB_03_104_Assessing the Neonate_LO 3.16_APA LO 1.1
A newborn infant is exhibiting a weak cry, no response to stimulation of the feet, flaccid muscle tone, has blue
extremities, and a heart rate of 60. What is this child’s Apgar score?
TB_03_105_Low Birth Weight and Preterm Birth_LO 3.17_APA LO 1.1
List two implications for a child born below 1,500 grams (about 3 pounds).
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Essay Questions
TB_03_106_How Genes Influence Development_LO 3.2_APA LO 1.1
Define the terms heterozygous and homozygous and give an example of each.
TB_03_107_How Genes Influence Development_LO 3.2_APA LO 1.1
Explain skin color in terms of polygenic inheritance.
TB_03_108_How Genes Influence Development_LO 3.2_APA LO 1.1
Define the concept of genomic imprinting.
TB_03_109_Genetic Disorders_LO 3.3_APA LO 1.1
Explain the genetic process through which a person would have Fragile-X syndrome.
TB_03_110_Prenatal Development_LO 3.6_APA LO 1.1
Explain the process of conception from ovulation to the formation of the placenta.
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TB_03_111_Prenatal Development_LO 3.6_APA LO 1.1
Describe the characteristics of an embryo.
TB_03_112_Sex Differences_LO 3.7_APA LO 1.1
How does prenatal brain development influence sex differences in traits such as aggression, motor patterns, and
hemispheric dominance?
TB_03_113_How Teratogens Influence Development_LO 3.9_APA LO 1.1
Using the research from your text regarding children born to Japanese mothers who were pregnant during the
bombing of Hiroshima, explain the concept of critical period.
TB_03_114_Other Maternal Influences on Prenatal Development_LO 3.12_APA LO 1.1
Assume that you are a young woman attending college. You plan to wait until you finish your graduate degree and
are well-established in a career before having children. What research findings should you consider in this decision?