These four teachers claim to be practicing principles from social cognitive theory. Based
on the following information, which one is not?
a.Mr. Anderson makes sure students are paying attention when he demonstrates how to do
long division problems.
b.Ms. Benson clearly outlines the rules in her class and makes sure all students are aware
of hem before she reinforces or punishes any behavior.
c.Mr. Carlson tells his class that he wishes he had never started smoking cigarettes.
d.Ms. Donaldson shows her first graders how to spell her name by writing it in huge letters
on the chalkboard.
If students associate failure with punishment, and then associate playing sports with
failure, they may begin to fear playing sports through a process of:
a.generalization
b.spontaneous recovery
c.higher-order conditioning
d.stimulus discrimination
Which of the following epistemic belief systems would lead to mastery goals rather than
performance goals?
a.” Knowledge is an accumulation of unrelated facts”
b.”Facts are indisputable”
c.”All experts within a field agree on all issues and topics”
d.”Knowledge involves interconnected ideas”
Eloise’s history teacher lectures for hours at a time with out receiving questions from the
class or giving the class a break to speak with each other about the lecture. As a result,
Eloise is bored when she is in history class. Given the textbooks’ explanation of boredom
as it is related to motivation, which of the following is most likely to be true?
a.Eloise will be motivated to learn the material on her own when she is at home.
b.Eloise will not pay attention in class and therefore will not benefit from the instruction.
c.Eloise will work extra hard to pay attention to the lecture in class.
d.Eloise will loose all interest in history and will avoid all history classes in the future.
Three of the following students are exhibiting emotional regulation as it relates to their
self-regulation of motivation. Which is not?
a.Jennifer is studying for an important final exam. She is anxious about the exam, but puts
her anxious thoughts out of her head to focus on studying.
b.When Logan received a low score on a quiz, he thought to himself, “I really need to
study harder for the next quiz”.
c.When Max received a low score on a written assignment he was only upset for a few
hours and then thought to himself, “the next assignment is on my favorite book, so I will
do well”.
d.Paula does not like math and never gets upset when she gets a bad grade on a math test.
The basis for verbal learning theory came from which of the following research
discoveries?
a.Language based learning could not be described by the behaviorist perspective alone.
b.Behaviorists did not want to be associated with language learning research.
c.All humans can learn language at an early age.
d.Humans can proficiently learn more than one language.
Juliana often tries to define who she is and what she stands for. For example, she sees
herself as person who is attentive to other people’s needs and well-being. With this
information in mind, which one of the following is most likely to be true about Juliana?
a.He has a high need for a sense of identity.
b.He has a high need for approval.
c.He has a high need for achievement.
d.He has a high motive to avoid failure.
Which one of the following students is not using a study strategy that will promote
long-term storage processes?
a.While his math teacher demonstrates a mathematical procedure on the chalkboard, Ed
writes “Meet Pat after school” in the margin of his notebook.
b.Jason creates an outline of all of the concepts he will need to know for his upcoming
science exam.
c.Hugh creates a flow chart to help him study for his math exam.
d.Frank elaborates on what he learned in culinary class by going home and experimenting
with new recipes.
When Julie’s father comes home from work he opens the front door and picks her up to
give her a big hug. Before long, Julie starts smiling whenever she hears her father turn his
key to open the door. In this situation, Julie’s smiling at the sound of her father’s key
turning in the door is a(n) _____; the hugging is a(n) _____.
a.unconditioned stimulus; conditioned response
b.unconditioned response; conditioned stimulus
c.conditioned stimulus; unconditional response
d.conditioned response; unconditional stimulus
After a painful experience at one dentist’s office, Teresa’s mother takes Teresa to a different
dentist, who takes great care to make her visits painless. Teresa is anxious at first, but after
a few visits, Teresa gradually becomes less resistant about going to the new dentist.
Teresa’s change in behavior can probably best be explained in terms of _____. But then
Teresa doesn’t go to see the dentist again until three years later. On her first visit to the
painless dentist after that time interval, she is anxious once again, even though she had not
been anxious in her previous visits. The return of this response after it had previously
disappeared is known as ______.
a.extinction; spontaneous recovery
b.generalization; discriminative learning
c.higher-order conditioning; discriminative learning
d.generalization; higher-order conditioning
Which one of the following students clearly has a performance goal rather than a mastery
goal?
a.Alicia is working very hard at basketball practice because she wants to her classmates to
think she is a good player.
b.Ben doesn’t like going to the dentist and often cries when his mother takes him to his
appointments.
c.Casey loves being with her friends and is very popular.
d.Dean likes to play basketball when he comes home after school and often forgets to do
his homework.
Which one of the following problems is most likely to be solved with a heuristic rather
than an algorithm?
a.Calculating the volume of a cylinder
b.Resolving an argument
c.Solving a difficult algebra problem
d.Using an old recipe to cook chili
Julie gets very upset when her mother will not let her help her bake cookies. Julie yells at
her mother and throws flour all over the kitchen. Julie’s mother makes Julie clean up all of
the flour and do all of the dishes Julie’s mother created from baking the cookies. Her
mother’s punishment was a form of:
a.Positive-practice overcorrection
b.Response cost
c.Restitutional overcorrection
d.Punishment II
Which one of the following is the best example of negative transfer?
a.Nell thinks that 5.75 is bigger than 5.9, because the former has more digits.
b.Fred knows he can get Bs in his classes without having to study at all.
c.Jos© can’t remember when the American Civil War started, so he recalls all he can about
American history and concludes that the war must have taken place in the 1860s.
d.Edie wants to tie a string securely to her pencil so that she can hang it from her
notebook, but she has forgotten how to tie a square knot.
In Marcia’s first tennis lesson, her instructor Keith is trying to teach her the correct way to
swing a tennis racket. Keith praises Marcia every time she hits the tennis ball over the net
and into the “in bounds” area of the opponent’s side of the court using the correct body
position. Marcia shows little improvement during the one-hour lesson. From a behaviorist
perspective, what mistake is Keith probably making in teaching Marcia to play tennis?
a.He fails to realize that Marcia has little to gain by changing her behavior.
b.He is using intermittent rather than continuous reinforcement.
c.He should shape the behavior rather than expect immediate mastery.
d.Praise is rarely an effective reinforcer.
Albert grew up in Germany but now lives in England. He recalls more about his childhood
in Germany when he’s speaking in German than when he’s speaking in English. Which one
of the following concepts best explains this fact?
a.flashbulb memory
b.encoding specificity
c.spreading activation
d.fan effect