1) a typical value for intrapleural pressure is ________ mm hg.
a) +6
b) +3
c) 0
d) -3
e) -6
2) antagonistic control of efferent output is typical of the ________ division.
a) somatic
b) sensory
c) autonomic
d) somatic and sensory
e) somatic and autonomic
3) the tissue(s) that is/are considered excitable because of the ability to generate
electrical signals is/are called
a) muscle tissue.
b) neural tissue.
c) epithelial tissue.
d) muscle tissue and neural tissue.
e) muscle tissue, neural tissue, and epithelial tissue.
4) which two sensory systems contain structures called maculae?
a) gustatory and olfactory
b) olfactory and auditory
c) auditory and vestibular
d) vestibular and visual
e) visual and somatosensory
5) the process of fibrinolysis
a) activates fibrinogen.
b) draws torn edges of damaged tissue closer together.
c) dissolves clots.
d) forms emboli.
e) forms thrombi.
6) match the symptoms to the problem.
a. damage to the cerebral cortex
b. degeneration of hair cells
c. ringing in the ears
d. dizziness and nausea
e. problems with structures of the middle ear
sensorineural hearing loss
7) the activity of an enzyme is changed by environmental factors such as temperature or
ph; these factors are referred to as
a) specificity.
b) common bond.
c) modulators.
d) isozyme.
e) product.
8) a flexor is a skeletal muscle whose shortening moves attached bones
a) away from one another.
b) towards one another.
c) medially
d) laterally.
9) each of the following hormones is an amino acid derivative except one. identify the
exception.
a) epinephrine
b) norepinephrine
c) thyroid hormone
d) thyroid-stimulating hormone
e) melatonin
10) contributes to the blood-brain barrier
a. gap junction
b. tight junction
c. anchoring junction
11) if a stimulating electrode is placed in the middle of a resting axon and an
above-threshold voltage is applied to the electrode action potentials
a) will not occur.
b) will start at that point and proceed only toward the axon terminal.
c) will start at that point and proceed only toward the cell body.
d) will start at that point and travel in both directions in the axon.
12) when calcium becomes available inside a cell, it comes from
a) extracellular fluid only.
b) intracellular storage only.
c) extracellular fluid and intracellular storage.
d) it is always available as a major cytosol cation.
13) a complete spinal cord transection injury results in paralysis, which is the inability
to do which of the following?
a) move voluntarily
b) move at all
c) feel
d) move voluntarily and feel
e) move at all and feel
14) phenelzine is a common mao inhibitor that has been used to treat depression. it is
not, however, prescribed as often as other antidepressants due to its effects on the
autonomic nervous system. describe several side effects that may result from taking
phenelzine and explain why they might occur.
15) describe how a virus is eliminated in an immune response.
16) explain how the upper airways and bronchi condition the air, and why this
conditioning is important.
17) devising new food recipes is more successful when the chefs understand basic food
chemistry. for example, to create a new cake recipe, one must understand the role of
both acids and bases in leavening (rising, or trapping of tiny gas bubbles as dough is
baking, to provide the characteristic texture). the principle is to incorporate baking soda
(nahco3) into an acidic batter, causing a chemical reaction resulting in gas production.
looking at the chemical formula, what gas do you think is formed? summarize the
chemical reaction that occurs in a cake batter that contains nahco3 and vinegar or acetic
acid (produces acetate when ionized: ch3coo- + h+). what would happen to your cake if
you didn’t use enough baking soda? what would happen if you forgot to acidify your
batter with vinegar or a similar food acid?
18) describe the muscle condition called tetanus. is this a normal or a pathological
event? if it is normal, what is the function? if it is pathological, what is the cause? the
bacterium clostridium tetani causes a disease called tetanus or lockjaw; you may have
been vaccinated against tetanus, especially if you ever had hospital treatment for a skin
wound. speculate on whether or not the name of this disease is related to the muscle
condition and why the disease can be fatal.
19) describe what a nurse hears through the stethoscope while using a blood pressure
cuff, and explain the significance of the sounds.
20) the substance produced by the lungs to reduce surface tension is called ________.
21) in a ________ reflex, a sensory neuron synapses directly on a motor neuron.