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Gina became ill after eating Turkey on Thanksgiving and was unable to look at Turkey
without feeling ill for two months. However, during that two-month period Gina was able
to look at chicken without feeling ill. Gina's behavior when presented with chicken is
explained by:
a.Generalization
b.extinguishing a conditioned response
c.stimulus discrimination
d.counterconditioning
Which one of the following is the best example of controlled processing?
a.A child sitting in the back seat of a car
b.A teenager learning to drive
c.A bus driver driving slowly down the street
d.An adult driving over the speed limit down the street
After being bitten by a neighbor's dog, Kathy is now afraid of the puppy her family has
just adopted. Kathy's father gives Kathy a hot fudge sundae; then, while she is happily
eating it, he brings the puppy about fifteen feet from where she is sitting. On each
successive day, Kathy gets another ice cream treat, and her father brings the puppy a little
closer than he did on the previous day. Eventually Kathy is able to pet and enjoy the new
puppy. Kathy's father is using a procedure known as:
a.generalization
b.stimulus discrimination
c.extinction
d.counterconditioning
According to the text book, Which of the following factors does not influence a person's
critical thinking skills?
a.Income
b.Personality characteristics
c.Epistemic beliefs
d.Cultural upbringing
Which one of the following teaching strategies is most likely to increase students' sense of
autonomy?
a.Mr. Aas reminds his students that they can't participate in the school's extracurricular
sports program if their grade-point-averages fall below 2.0.
b.Ms. Brown asks her third graders to develop some class rules to ensure that all class
members will have a chance to express their ideas openly.
c.Mr. Cranwell tells his middle school students that good writing skills are important in the
business world.
d.Mr. Diaz gives his students enough practice with basic arithmetic facts that they learn
them to a level of automaticity.
Mrs. Pike's class is learning to spell twenty new words. They learn 5 words per day for
four days (Monday through Thursday). On Friday the students are given a spelling test on
all 20 words. When Mrs. Pike is grading the tests, she notices that most students
remembered the words that we taught on Thursday, but not on Monday through
Wednesday. Which verbal learning principle can explain Mrs. Pike's spelling test results?
a.Primacy effect
b.Recency effect
c.Overlearning
d.Proactive inhibition
From the standpoint of criteria described in the textbook, which one of the following
objectives/goals should be most useful?
a."Students will complete the first ten chapters of their textbook by the end of the
semester."
b."Students will write poetry using meter and rhyme."
c."The teacher will demonstrate the correct way to use a Bunsen burner."
d. "Students will study effective debating strategies."
John learned the capitals of all 50 US states when he was a child. As an adult, he can no
longer recall or recognize any of the 50 state capitals. However, he relearned the capitals
faster than Jenny who did not learn the state capitals as a child. John's relearning suggests
that the information regarding the state capitals remained in his ________________ from
the time he first learned them as a child.
a.sensory register
b.working memory
c.long-term memory
d.sensory register and working memory
After repeatedly being hugged by her father when he comes through the door, Julie begins
to smile when she hears a key turning to open the door opening by any person. Julie's
behavior can be explained by:
a.spontaneous recovery
b.generalization
c.higher-order conditioning
d.stimulus discrimination
Jennifer was given a random list of 20 words to study. Jennifer was then asked to recall as
many of the words as she could remember in a free recall task. Consistent with verbal
learning research, which of the following orders is Jennifer most likely to recall the words
in?
a.Random order
b.The same order the words were presented in
c. In categories organized by the words' meanings
d.Alphabetical order
_______________ research examines learning in tightly controlled settings and
_______________ research examines learning in real-world settings.
a.Applied; Basic
b.Basic; Qualitative
c.Qualitative; Applied
d.Basic; Applied
Which one of the following students most clearly has a doing-just enough goal?
a.Dave wants to pass his chemistry class with a C. To do so he reads only the necessary
chapters to get a C on the exam.
b.Mae wants to pass her chemistry class with an A. She does all of the assigned reading
and any extra reading she can find so she can do very well on the exam.
c.Naomi does not like chemistry and does not study for her exam. However, she received
an A on the exam.
d.Prudence really enjoys chemistry, but is a very anxious test taker. No matter how much
she studies, she always gets C's on her exams.
John is motivated to bring up his grade in chemistry. He has decided to go to his chemistry
class every day at lunch and after school. John's decision is an example of:
a.Self imposed stimulus control
b.Modeling
c.Self efficacy
d.A contingency contract
John is an adolescent who makes impulsive decisions (e.g., ditching school) and engages
in risky behavior (e.g., driving well over the speed limit). His behavior can best be
explained by which of the following?
a. Adolescents have limited concepts of consequences and punishment.
b.Adolescents' brain stems are still not fully developed, and will not be until middle
adulthood.
c. Adolescents' pre-frontal cortices are still not fully developed and will not be until their
late teens and early twenties.
d.During adolescence, synaptic pruning has stopped.
