What is the action of the binding of muscarine to its receptors in the digestive system?
A. alpha subunits bind to K+ channels, close them, leading to depolarization.
B. alpha subunits bind to K+ channels, open them, leading to hyperpolarization.
C. beta-gamma subunits bind to K+ channels, close them, leading to depolarization.
D. beta-gamma subunits bind to K+ channels, open them, leading to hyperpolarization.
Neuroleptics, which are used to treat schizophrenia, are
A. dopamine agonists.
B. ACh antagonists.
C. dopamine antagonists.
D. glutamate agonists.
What occurs during spermiogenesis?
A.chromosomes are compacted by protamines
B.flagellum and acrosome form
C.cytoplasm removed by Sertoli cells
D.All of the choices are correct.
The right side of the brain controls motor activity on the left side of the body because
nerve tracts decussate in the
A. pons.
B. midbrain.
C. thalamus.
D. medulla oblongata.
Cells actively involved in secreting proteins would contain large numbers or quantities
of
A. lysosomes.
B. peroxisomes.
C. granular (rough) endoplasmic reticulum.
D. agranular (smooth) endoplasmic reticulum.
Formation of the maximum number of acetyl CoA molecules from one glucose,
produces ______________ molecules of carbon dioxide.
A.no
B.one
C.two
D.four
Which of the following is a catecholamine?
A. norepinephrine
B. acetylcholine
C. nitric oxide
D. All apply.
What controls release of corticoids from the adrenal cortex?
A. higher brain centers
B. CRH from the hypothalamus
C. ACTH from the anterior pituitary
D. All apply.
The ventilation/perfusion ratio
A.is lowest at the apex of the lungs.
B.increases when blood flow is decreased.
C.decreases when ventilation is increased.
D.increases due to dilation of the pulmonary arterioles.
What type of neuron is found entirely in the CNS?
A. sensory neuron
B. interneuron
C. association neuron
D. Interneuron and association neuron are correct.
All of the following are considered nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs EXCEPT
A. aspirin.
B. celecoxib (Celebrex).
C. acetaminophen (Tylenol).
D. rofecoxib (Vioxx).
Which of the following is NOT true about CCK (cholecystokinin)?
A.released in response to fat and protein in the chyme
B.stimulates the production of pancreatic digestive enzymes
C.uses cyclic AMP as the second messenger to pancreatic acinar cells
D.controlled through a positive feedback loop
Which of the following can regulate the skeletal system?
A.estrogen
B.testosterone
C.calcitonin
D.All of the choices are correct.
Lactic acid is the result of LDH (lactic acid dehydrogenase) mediated __________ of
pyruvic acid with electrons taken from NADH + H+.
A.oxidation
B.reduction
C.phosphorylation
D.hydrolysis
As ____________ increases, the two-point threshold decreases.
A.receptor number
B.receptor density
C.receptor sensitivity
D.receptor sensation
The atomic nucleus does not contain ____________, which are negatively charged
subatomic particles.
A. protons
B. electrons
C. neutrons
Inhibition of __________ secretion from the adrenal cortex stimulates hyperkalemia.
A.aldosterone
B.renin
C.angiotensin I
D.angiotensin II
Which of the following cranial nerves is NOT purely sensory?
A. trochlear
B. optic
C. olfactory
D. vestibulocochlear
What hormone is secreted by the anterior pituitary that stimulates production of milk
proteins?
A.oxytocin
B.growth hormone
C.MSH
D.prolactin
Which of the following is NOT true of EPSPs?
A. they are graded responses
B. they are capable of summation
C. they have a refractory period
D. they are initiated by neurotransmitters
What is the inadequate supply of blood to an organ called?
A.infarction
B.ischemia
C.necrosis
D.cramping
Women who are very lean and physically active may have irregular cycles and
amenorrhea.
Release of neurotransmitters occurs via
A. exocytosis.
B. endocytosis.
C. phagocytosis.
D. pinocytosis.
An example of an aromatic substance is
A.hexane.
B.cyclohexane.
C.fructose.
D.benzene.
Catecholamines activate postsynaptic cells by
A. inhibition of adenylate cyclase.
B. increased Ca2+ influx into the target cell.
C. inhibition of calmodulin.
D. increased production of cyclic AMP.
The __________ fibers are thin myelinated axons that carry sensations of heat, cold,
and pain to the spinal cord.
A.A-delta
B.B-gamma
C.C
D.A-beta
Which of the following statements is true?
A.Our senses can perceive a wide range of energies.
B.Different modalities of sensations have different types of impulses.
C.Sensory receptors transduce different forms of physical energy to nerve impulses.
D.The brain cannot distinguish between impulses of cold and heat.
Which of the following is NOT true of 5-hydroxytryptamine?
A.it is secreted by ECL cells of the intestinal mucosa
B.stimulates intrinsic afferent to activate motor neurons for peristalsis
C.stimulates secretion of Cl- and water
D.All of the choices are not true.
Which of the following is NOT required to coordinate movement?
A. cerebellum
B. thalamus
C. basal nuclei
D. motor cortex
Control of blood flow to skeletal muscles during exercise is mainly under _______
control.
A.intrinsic metabolic
B.intrinsic myogenic
C.extrinsic
D.hormonal
The myelin sheaths of PNS neurons are produced by
A. Schwann cells.
B. oligodendrocytes.
C. ependymal cells.
D. leukocytes.
Which of the following is NOT a procedure for producing vaccines?
A.use live, attenuated viruses
B.use killed, virulent viruses
C.use cloned antibodies
D.use recombinant viral proteins
From where do parasympathetic preganglionic neurons originate?
A.brainstem
B.thoracic and lumbar region of the spinal cord
C.sacral region of the spinal cord
D.brainstem and sacral region of the spinal cord
The movement of molecules and ions from the peritubular capillaries into interstitial
fluid and then into the nephron tubule is called
A.secretion.
B.reabsorption.
C.excretion.
D.filtration.