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1) Considering research described in the textbook regarding meaningful learning, which
one of the following students is most likely to remember what the word effervescent
means?
a.Alice thinks, The word has four Es.
b.Betty thinks, The word describes me...I have a bubbly personality.
c.Carolyn thinks, The ending is the same as the ending of adolescent.
d.Donna thinks, Ill bet it comes from the Latin word fervere, meaning boil.
2) Three of the following describe methods that researchers commonly use to determine
how the human brain probably functions. Which one is not a commonly used method to
study the brain?
a.Documenting the behaviors of people with various kinds of brain injuries
b.Recording brain activity through PET scans, CAT scans, and similar technologies
c.Measuring the levels of various hormones and other substances in the blood
d.Removing a certain part of an animals brain and observing the animals subsequent
behaviors
3) Which one of the following examples best illustrates the concept of baseline as
behaviorists use the term?
a.Louisa likes the attention she gets from boys when she wears tight sweaters.
b.Justin talks in class all the time, even though his teacher and classmates do nothing to
encourage him.
c.Dimitri is afraid of the school swimming pool after he almost drowns in it during a
swimming lesson.
d.Marsha starts copying her best friends homework assignments regularly after she
finds out that she gets better grades if she does so.
4) Three of the following examples reflect the use of metacognition in problem solving.
Which one shows little or no metacognition?
a.When Allan discovers that his homework assignment in social studies involves an
especially ill-defined and difficult problem, he realizes that he will have to devote a
considerable amount of time to the assignment.
b.Brendan is replacing an old, single-paned window in his home with a new,
double-paned window unit. Before he begins to work, he thinks about the steps he will
need to take and jots down the tools and materials he will need to purchase.
c.Clyde is working on a series of word problems after a unit on multiplication of
two-digit numbers. To complete the task as quickly as possible, he simply multiplies the
two numbers he sees in each problem; he doesnt bother to read the problems
themselves.
d.When Duncans chemistry teacher assigns a challenging problem that she wants her
students to address in chemistry lab, Duncan feels confident that he has both the
knowledge and skills to solve the problem successfully if he works slowly and
carefully.
5) Ms. Simons believes that Jeremy has the ability to do better on math tests than he is
currently doing. Given the textbooks discussion of attributions, how is Ms. Simons
most likely to act toward Jeremy?
a.Shell be annoyed when he doesnt do well.
b.Shell express sympathy and pity when he doesnt do well.
c.Shell model a self-protective bias for Jeremy.
d.Shell completely ignore Jeremy, in an attempt to extinguish his nonproductive
behavior.
6) Sean is a high school student who is angry much of the time. He often vents his
anger by swearing at his teacher. One day his teacher decides to extinguish Seans
swearing by ignoring him whenever he swears. Yet over the next few weeks, Sean
continues to swear as frequently as he always has. Three of the following are possible
explanations as to why, from a behaviorist perspective, the teachers extinction strategy
is not working. Which alternative is the least likely explanation?
a.Other students are reinforcing Seans swearing.
b.Seans swearing has previously been reinforced on an intermittent basis.
c.Swearing allows Sean to release pent-up anger, so he is being negatively reinforced.
d.Sean is being reinforced for swearing by means of the Premack Principle.
7) Ms. Lounge is teaching her son Joe the concept of cow by showing him pictures of
both cows and bears. Joe thinks to himself, Maybe all cows have horns; let me look at a
few more pictures and check. Joes reasoning best illustrates which one of the following
views of concept learning?
a.Buildup of associations
b.Prototype
c.Exemplars
d.Hypothesis testing
8) Which one of the following best illustrates the concept of epistemic doubt?
a.After reading two competing explanations of color vision, Stuart is beginning to
wonder if science is as cut-and-dried as he has previously thought.
b.Marys teacher says that the earth revolves around the sun. Mary thinks, How can that
be? I see the sun go across the sky each day. Obviously, the sun goes around the earth,
not vice versa.
c.After listening to other students in her study group debate possible interpretations of a
dialogue in Hamlet, Isilene wonders which of them is right.
d.Randall doesnt think he has the ability to understand nuclear physics.
9) The four statements below all involve evaluating a students essay. Which one is most
likely to preserve the students sense of self-determination?
a.This essay has the variety of sentence structures that I like to see in my students
writing.
b.This essay is the best one youve written all semester. Please include it in the portfolio
youre creating for this class.
c.Your essay is so good that Id like to submit it to the statewide essay contest.
d.In evaluating your essay, why dont you apply the four criteria youve been using all
year to critique your written work?
10) Which one of the following issues reflects a fundamental difference between
Piagets and Vygotskys theories of cognitive development?
a.Whether challenging tasks promote cognitive development
b.Whether social interactions are important for cognitive development
c.How much children require adult guidance to make cognitive gains
d.Whether preschoolers are cognitively ready to handle complex, adultlike tasks
11) A teacher who wants students to elaborate on the material they are studying would
be well advised to:
a.Ask higher-level questions.
b.Give signals about what is important to learn.
c.Summarize the main ideas presented each day.
d.Provide an advance organizer before every lesson.
