1) bulk flow is fluid flow as a result of a(n) ________ gradient.
a) concentration
b) electrical
c) pressure
d) two of the answers are correct.
e) none of the answers are correct.
2) which of the following is greater?
a) blood pressure when the peripheral vessels dilate
b) blood pressure when the peripheral vessels constrict
3) the most important factor affecting the ph of plasma is the concentration of
a) lactic acid.
b) ketone bodies.
c) organic acids.
d) carbon dioxide.
e) hydrochloric acid.
4) a physician basing clinical decisions on primary research published in biomedical
literature is doing ________ medicine.
a) evidence-based
b) traditional
c) alternative
d) whimsical
e) holistic
5) the principal hormone secreted by the corpus luteum is
a) lh.
b) fsh.
c) progesterone.
d) estradiol.
e) estrogen.
6) umami is
a) another name for salty taste.
b) a taste receptor cell activated by glutamate and nucleotides.
c) a flavor enhancer that is part of olfaction.
d) the name of the ion channel activated by glutamate.
7) in the absence of a signal sequence, a newly synthesized protein localizes to the
a) mitochondria.
b) cytoplasm.
c) peroxisome.
d) nucleus.
e) plasma membrane.
8) what are the two extracellular fluid compartments in the body?
a) intracellular and plasma
b) plasma and interstitial
c) interstitial and intracellular
d) plasma and the fluid portion of the blood
e) none of the answers are correct.
9) visceral pain is poorly localized and can be perceived to originate from a region of
the body that is different from it’s actual location; this is called
a) analgesia.
b) adaptation.
c) referred pain.
d) tonic reception.
e) latency.
10) diarrhea often accompanies intestinal infections. why?
a) the immune system increases the production of enzymes for added protection.
b) bacterial toxins enhance the secretion of kcl from the cells, which causes water
movement into the intestine.
c) dehydration of the body will kill the bacteria causing the infection.
d) loss of electrolytes will kill bacteria.
11) which of the following statements regarding pathways for somatic perception
projection is correct?
a) the tertiary sensory neurons cross-over the body’s midline.
b) the synapse for the secondary to tertiary sensory neuron is within the medulla.
c) the longest of the secondary sensory neurons transmit fine touch and proprioceptive
information.
d) primary sensory neurons from the hands project to a specific region of the
somatosensory cortex.
e) primary sensory neurons that respond to cold sensation project to the same region of
the somatosensory cortex.
12) most of the oxygen transported by the blood is
a) dissolved in plasma.
b) bound to hemoglobin.
c) in ionic form as solute in the plasma.
d) bound to a plasma protein.
e) carried by white blood cells.
13) their loss is characteristic of cancer
a. gap junction
b. tight junction
c. anchoring junction
14) using the appropriate formula, what effect does changing the following vessel
diameters have on blood flow?
a. diameter = 8 mm, decreasing to 6 mm
b. diameter = 8 mm, increasing to 12 mm
c. diameter = 10 mm, decreasing to 5 mm
d. diameter = 10 mm, increasing to 20 mm
15) which statement regarding the hypothalamus is false?
a) hypothalamic trophic factors control the release of anterior pituitary hormones.
b) it receives input from multiple sources.
c) it receives sensory fibers from the optic tract, ears, and spinal cord.
d) the hypothalamus contains various centers for behavioral drives such as hunger and
thirst.
16) ________ are antibodies found in body fluids.
17) the na+-k+-atpase pumps (this number of) ________ na+ ions ________ (into/out
of) the cell and (this number of) ________ k+ ions ________ (into/out of) the cell.
18) ralph is taking scuba diving classes and is confused as to why he should not hold his
breath under water while ascendinghis instructor told him he must exhale continuously.
what would you tell him?
19) explain clonal expansion and the roles and interactions of effector cells, memory
cells, naive lymphocytes, and plasma cells.
20) on the row of cells indicated below, match a-e to the terms in the following
question.
figure 3.1
basolateral membrane
21) describe the development of reproductive organs in a fetus of each gender. which
genes, gene products, and hormones are involved in the sex differences? which
sex-related hormones are circulating in high concentrations in a pregnant woman
compared to a nonpregnant woman? do these hormones cross the placenta (if you are
uncertain, consider hormone chemical class relative to membrane permeability to make
an educated guess)? assuming these hormones do cross the placenta, how do they affect
the hormonal environment inside the fetus, and how does this relate to fetal
reproductive development?
22) what general action is shared by about half of the medical drugs currently in use?
23) sketch a short series of simple columnar epithelial cells. label each of the three
different borders. briefly explain the different kinds of activities that may go on at each
border, and tell how their structures and junctions support these functions.