1) Joshua stays in his dorm room rather than going to his required English composition
class because he has difficulty with writing assignments. Joshuas lack of class
attendance is an example of:
a.escape
b.active avoidance
c.passive avoidance
d.punishment
2) Which one of the following kinds of knowledge is least likely to be dependent on
active, conscious processing to be learned? Base your choice on research findings
presented in the textbook.
a.Knowing that Los Angeles is approximately 3,000 miles from New York.
b.Knowing how to start a fire using crumpled newspaper and small twigs.
c.Knowing that football, lighthouse, and airport are all compound words.
d.Knowing that the word cat appears in speech more often than feline.
3) In which of the following situations is a child most likely to be learning a concept
through a buildup of associations?
a.Because all of his teddy bears are brown, 2-year-old Harry thinks that all bears are
brown.
b.When a strange man comes to the house, Mother introduces him to 3-year-old Regina
as Uncle Albert. Regina asks, Whats an uncle?
c.When peas are served at dinner, 7-year-old Molly proclaims, I dont like peas now and
will never, ever like them!
d.To help himself remember what a trapezoid is, 12-year-old Mark repeats the
definition to himself several times in a row.
4) These four teachers claim to be practicing principles from cognitive psychology.
Based on the following information, which one is not?
a.Ms. Anthony, a high school biology teacher, draws a hierarchy on the board showing
how mammals, fish, birds, reptiles, and amphibians are all vertebrates, and how
vertebrates and invertebrates are both animals.
b.Mr. Bottenberg, a fourth grade teacher, suggests that his students try to learn their
spelling words by thinking about similarly spelled words that they already know.
c.Mr. Conrad, a junior high school soccer coach, asks his players to practice passing the
ball to one another as they run down the field, then openly praises those players who are
passing skillfully.
d.Ms. Danforth, a third grade teacher, introduces her class to the topic of multiplication
by showing them how it relates to addition.
5) Vygotsky proposed that thought and language are:
a.Closely connected at all stages of life
b.Largely independent before age two but closely connected thereafter
c.Closely connected early in life and become increasingly independent with age
d.Largely independent until the elementary school years and closely connected
thereafter
6) Which one of the following is the best example of critical thinking as it is described
in the textbook?
a.Lorenzo complains to his teacher, When the textbook discusses the importance of
recycling, it doesnt explain how the advantages outweigh the disadvantages.
b.Justin says to his friend Victor, I think I can guess why youre feeling sad today.
c.Muriel asks her teacher, Why do we have to start school so early in the morning? I
have trouble thinking clearly before ten oclock in the morning.
d.Rachel mumbles to herself as she reads her history book, Why does the year 1929
sound so familiar? Oh, yes, now I know. Thats the year the stock market crashed.
7) To learn how to spell rhinoceros, Paula repeats the letters of the word over and over
again without really thinking about what she is saying. Considering research findings
about the effectiveness of rehearsal, we can predict that Paulas strategy will be:
a.Highly effective
b.Effective only if she says the letters in a very loud voice
c.Effective only if she says the letters slowly (e.g., at a rate of one letter per second)
d.Relatively ineffective
8) Which one of the following pairs illustrates two different levels of processing?
a.Deciding whether bear rhymes with chair; deciding whether bear rhymes with deer.
b.Deciding whether bear rhymes with chair; deciding whether actual rhymes with
natural.
c.Deciding whether bear rhymes with chair; thinking about how a bear and a dog are
similar.
d.Thinking about how a bear and a dog are similar; thinking about how a chair and a
table are similar.
9) As children grow older, many of their neurons begin to transmit messages more
rapidly than they did in the early years of life, thanks to:
a.synaptic pruning
b.synaptogenesis
c.myelination
d.maturation of the limbic system
10) Three of the following are possible reasons why classroom dialogues help students
better understand classroom subject matter. Which one is not necessarily a benefit of
classroom dialogues?
a.Students are exposed to the views of other peopleviews that may be more accurate
than their own.
b.Students must clarify their ideas sufficiently to explain them to their classmates.
c.Students may discover flaws in their own ideas and thoughts about a topic.
d.Students are more likely to form visual images related to their ideas when they
describe those ideas to others.
11) Three of the following statements are accurate with regard to students and/or
teachers epistemic beliefs. Which statement is not accurate?
a.Students criteria for determining the truth or validity of an idea influence the extent to
which they engage in critical thinking.
b.Students are more likely to develop sophisticated epistemic beliefs when they have an
opportunity to study a particular subject matter at an advanced level.
c.Students who believe that knowledge is fixed and simple tend to achieve at higher
levels in the classroom.
d.Teachers who believe that learning involves primarily memorization and rehearsal are
more likely to focus on lower-level skills in their assignments and assessment practices.
12) Which one of the following is the best example of generalized self-efficacy?
a.Thanks to his good study habits, Evan is optimistic that hell do well in the wide
variety of college courses he must take in order to graduate.
b.Rashida easily masters first-year algebra and can readily apply algebraic principles to
solve new problems.
c.Shawna is such a skillful figure skater that she earns a place on the national Olympic
Team.
d.Lance plays basketball every chance he gets, and when hes not playing the game
himself, hes watching professional basketball on television.
13) Ms. Longman is using programmed instruction in teaching her geography class.
Which one of the following are students least likely to encounter in their instruction?
a.One-on-one interactions with their teacher
b.A high probability of success when they respond
c.Immediate feedback about the accuracy of their responses
d.A series of frames, each of which presents a small amount of new information