Clara is working on a study to examine shy children’s behavior with peers they have not
met before. She is developing theories, forming hypotheses, and conducting research to
determine if her theory is supported by the data. In what process is she engaged?
A.random selection
B.correlational studies
C.directionality
D.the scientific method
Dr. Sherman is studying marital relationships and wants to be able to determine which
types of couples are at the highest risk for divorce. Which of the four primary goals of
science is he addressing?
A.description
B.control
C.prediction
D.explanation
Billy has watched many movies in which the hero smokes cigarettes. When Billy
identifies with these heroes and begins to smoke, what psychological term might be
used to describe his behavior?
A.vicarious reinforcement
B.modeling
C.positive reinforcement
D.mirroring
What is an unconditioned response?
A.a learned pairing between two stimuli
B.a nervous system reflex
C.an unlearned, automatic behavior following a stimulus
D.an increase in behavior following repeated exposure to a stimulus
Which of the following statements concerning the adaptive nature of sleep is NOT true?
A.Sleep enables the brain to restore itself.
B.Activity is limited during sleep, thereby reducing threats of harm.
C.Sleep strengthens neural connections.
D.Sleep evolved relatively recently in human history.
The deactivation of ________ during sleep likely contributes to the delusional and
illogical aspects of dreams.
A.REM
B.the amygdala
C.the prefrontal cortex
D.neural activity
Regarding escapist pursuits, which of the following statements is true?
A.Escapist activities are associated with flow.
B.Escapist activities are almost always harmful.
C.Escapist activities are generally beneficial.
D.Escapist activities can be helpful, harmless, or detrimental.
What do olfaction and pheromone processing have in common in many nonhuman
mammals?
A.Receptor cells are embedded in the same place.
B.They are nearly identical to the same types of processing in humans.
C.Both senses send neural projections to the thalamus.
D.Both senses exert a strong influence on the visual system.
There are three events that can terminate a neurotransmitter’s influence in the synapse.
Which of the following is NOT one of these events?
A.The neurotransmitter is taken back into the presynaptic neuron.
B.Enzymes in the synapse destroy the neurotransmitter.
C.Autoreceptors signal the presynaptic neuron to stop releasing neurotransmitter.
D.The neurotransmitter alters its structure after release from the synaptic vesicle.
Eiling is about to undergo dental surgery. Her dentist gives her a questionnaire and finds
that she is low in hypnotic suggestibility. Which of the following is most likely to be
effective for reducing Eiling’s pain after surgery?
A.hypnotic analgesia
B.benzodiazepines
C.opiates
D.psilocybin
If you had a disorder that caused neurons to demyelinate, this would initially cause:
A.neurons to immediately begin to die.
B.dendrites to proliferate excessively.
C.the insulation of the axon to deteriorate.
D.a decreased number of nodes of Ranvier.