Hobbes’ explanation of “trains of thought” relied on:
A. innate ideas
B. the law of contiguity
C. spirituality
D. rationalism
In 1946, the APA published a new journal as the voice of a new, unified
psychology.What was this journal?
A. American Psychologist
B. Journal of Clinical Psychology
C. Journal of Applied Psychology
D. Journal of American Psychology
Kimble (1984) administered a scale that measures where psychologists fall on the ____
continuum.
A. eclectic-focused
B. scientific-humanistic
C. premodernism-postmodernism
D. empirical-rational
Bain’s goal was to:
A. show that a science of ethology was possible
B. describe the physiological correlates of mental and behavioral phenomena
C. show the compatibility between J. S. Mill’s concept of mental chemistry and
Cartesian philosophy
D. show that mental and behavioral phenomena could be explained without employing
the law of contiguity
Which of the following did Galton conclude based on his survey of the knowledge and
attitudes of 200 eminent scientists?
A. The environment, including families and schools, plays an important role in
intellectual achievement.
B. Intellectual potential is only heritable for those with intellectual disabilities.
C. Intelligence and scientific achievement have very little correlation.
D. Schools that emphasize rote learning and strict discipline promote intellectual
achievement.
According to the text, what was a criticism of monadology?
A. It did not attempt to reconcile science and God
B. It asserted that because God created the world, it cannot be improved on
C. It ignored God’s influence on the mind
D. It denied the importance of science
La Mettrie believed that if Descartes had consistently and thoroughly followed his own
method, he would have concluded that:
A. nonhuman animals have minds just as humans do
B. nonhuman animals have innate ideas just as humans do
C. both human and nonhuman animals are machines
D. intelligence and brain size are highly correlated
Newton believed that the universe:
A. is a machine created by natural forces independent of God
B. operates according to principles that humans could discover
C. is too complex to be understood by anyone but God
D. operates according to principles that cannot be expressed in mathematical terms
Condillac felt that Locke:
A. was too materialistic
B. gave too much credit to innate morality
C. gave the mind unnecessary innate powers
D. over-emphasized the role of the senses
What concerns were held by both St. Augustine and St. Jerome?
A. The question of fate or free will
B. The influence that pagan philosophies held over Christians
C. The reconciliation of faith and reason
D. The quest for salvation by choosing good over evil
Ethology was developed primarily by Von Frisch, Lorenz, and:
A. Tinbergen
B. Hebb
C. Sperry
D. Watson
Which statement best represents the beliefs of Gorgias?
A. If animals could describe their gods, those gods would have animal characteristics.
B. There is no objective way of determining truth.
C. We share a reality and a similar perception of reality.
D. Empirical evidence is the determinant of truth.
According to the text, psychology’s persistent questions are persistent because:
A. human behavior is complex
B. they are formulated with the scientific method
C. they are philosophical questions
D. one’s thirst for knowledge can never be fulfilled
Freud considered such things as poetry, art, religion, and baseball to be examples of:
A. rationalization
B. projection
C. sublimation
D. reaction formation
Whereas Watson modeled his psychology after ____, Skinner modeled his after ____.
A. the Russian physiologists; Thorndike
B. Thorndike; the Russian physiologists
C. the Russian physiologists; James
D. James; the Russian physiologists
According to Philo, the way to true knowledge is by:
A. introspection of the innate truth
B. a purified, passive mind receiving divine illumination
C. engaging in active reason
D. combining empirical observation with rational deliberation
Traditionally, the beginning of existential psychology is marked with the writings of:
A. May and Husserl
B. May and Nietzsche
C. Kierkegaard and Husserl
D. Kierkegaard and Nietzsche
Who wrote a step-by-step rebuttal of the Malleus Maleficarum (The Witches’ Hammer)
and referred to witch burning as “Godlessness”?
A. Paracelsus
B. Agrippa
C. Weyer
D. Plater
The part of the perceptual field that the individual attends to is:
A. perceived
B. apperceived
C. instinctive
D. modal
Wundt believed that feelings are:
A. related to survival
B. remnants of an earlier evolutionary period and were nonfunctional in modern society
C. various combinations of three attributes
D. unitary experiences that could not be reduced to anything more basic
In his work on the two-point threshold, Weber found that the most sensitive area
(smallest threshold) was the ____ and the least sensitive area (largest threshold) was the
____.
A. nose; forearm
B. tongue; finger tip
C. finger tip; ear lobe
D. tongue; middle of the back
Spinoza’s concept of ____ might be called unconscious determinants of behavior in
Freud’s psychoanalysis.
A. emotion
B. reason
C. panpsychism
D. passion
Of the following, who would be most likely to take the position that humans are
responsible for their actions?
a. nondeterminist and hard determinist
b. hard determinist and mechanist
c. soft determinist and mechanist
d. nondeterminist and soft determinist
According to Lewin, ____ believed that uniqueness (individual differences) was a
distortion caused by external forces interfering with an organism’s natural growth
tendencies.
A. Galileo
B. Aristotle
C. Newton
D. Einstein
Later in history, Bacon’s approach to science was called:
A. romanticism
B. positivism
C. dialectics
D. metaphysical
According to pragmatism:
A. there are two types of statements: scientific and nonsensical
B. if something cannot be measured, it does not exist
C. an idea should be evaluated in terms of its usefulness
D. it is free will that distinguishes humans from nonhuman animals
Although connectionism in the neural network model has been well accepted, it does
have its critics. Who, in spite of supporting the Computational Theory of Mind (CTM),
has written about the limits in explaining human cognition through any computational
model?
A. James McClelland
B. Donald Hebb
C. Jerry Fodor
D. David Rumelhart
A major difference between connectionism (neural networks) and good old fashioned
AI (GOFAI) is that GOFAI systems ____ and neural networks ____.
A. process information simultaneously; process information one sequence at a time
B. process patterns of excitation and inhibition; processes information according to
rules
C. reason about the information they contain; change associations based on experience
D. mimic human cognition more closely; work within a limited domain
Goethe’s idea to embrace the opposing forces present in life had a direct influence on:
A. Freud
B. Jung
C. Schopenhauer
D. Nietzsche
In 1937, members of the clinical division of the APA paired with the ACP (Association
of Consulting Psychologists) to create the ____.
A. American Psychological Society
B. American Association of Clinical Psychologists
C. American Association of Applied Psychology
D. Psychonomic Society
Pavlov used the term cortical mosaic to describe:
A. the wide variety of artistic expression in organisms
B. the return of a conditioned response (CR) following extinction
C. the pattern of excitation and inhibition that characterized the brain at any given
moment
D. the different types of nervous systems that organisms possess
The contention that mental acts always refers to objects or events outside of themselves
defines Brentano’s concept of:
A. phenomenology
B. intentionality
C. ontology
D. pure phenomenology
The ____ stresses a person’s beliefs, emotions, perceptions, values, and goals as
determinants of behavior.
a. indeterminist
b. nondeterminist
c. physical determinist
d. psychical determinist
According to John Stuart Mill, meteorology, tidology, and psychology are inexact
sciences because their ____ are not understood.
A. primary laws
B. secondary laws
C. first principles
D. essences