1) these degrade long chain fatty acids and toxic foreign molecules.
a. endoplasmic reticulum
b. golgi apparatus
c. lysosomes
d. mitochondria
e. peroxisomes
2) a glomerulus is
a) the expanded end of a nephron.
b) a “knot” of capillaries that lies within the bowman’s capsule.
c) the portion of the nephron closest to the renal corpuscle.
d) the portion of the nephron that attaches to the collecting duct.
e) the hairpin-shaped segment of the nephron.
3) each red blood cell is shaped as a biconcave disk. this allows it to
a) change its shape to squeeze through narrow openings.
b) shrink or swell slightly in response to osmotic conditions.
c) synthesize new proteins and membrane components readily.
d) change its shape to squeeze through narrow openings and shrink or swell slightly in
response to osmotic conditions.
e) change its shape to squeeze through narrow openings, shrink or swell slightly in
response to osmotic conditions, and synthesize new proteins and membrane
components readily.
4) which body fluid compartment contains higher levels of na+, cl-, and hco3-?
a) plasma only
b) interstitial fluid only
c) intracellular fluid only
d) both plasma and intracellular fluid
e) both plasma and interstitial fluid
5) graded potentials can
a) only act as signals over short distances.
b) only act as signals over long distances.
c) only cause or prevent an action potential.
d) act as signals over short distances and cause or prevent an action potential.
e) act as signals over long distances and cause or prevent an action potential.
6) match the following with its description.
a. acetylcholine
b. norepinephrine
c. cholinergic nicotinic receptor
d. adrenergic receptor
e. cholinergic muscarinic receptor
target receptor for preganglionic neurons
7) match the type of signal to its description (answers may be used more than once).
a. graded potential
b. action potential
c. both
originate(s) on dendrites and cell bodies
8) sinusoids are modified vessels that replace ________ in some tissues.
a) arteries
b) veins
c) capillaries
9) immunoglobulins that are primarily found in glandular secretions are
a) iga.
b) igd.
c) ige.
d) igg.
e) igm.
10) the net energy yield for the anaerobic metabolism of one glucose molecule is
a) 2 atp and 2 nadh.
b) 0 atp and 2 nadh.
c) 2 atp and 0 nadh.
d) 2 atp and 2 fadh2.
e) 2 atp, 6 nadh, and 2 fadh2.
11) there are 10 cloned horses, born on the same day, with identical chromosomes. they
are each subjected to the same physical training regimen, but given daily injections of
different concentrations of a particular vitamin. they all run the same race. you set up a
graph to explore a relationship between race finish time and vitamin dose.
which type of graph is best to explore a relationship between race finish time and
vitamin dose?
a) bar graph
b) line graph
c) scatter plot
12) blood vessels cover approximately ________% of the alveolar surface.
a) 80-90
b) 10-20
c) > 90
d) < 10
e) 50
13) after death, when metabolism stops, in which step of the contractile cycle must
skeletal muscles remain?
a) it depends on what part of the contractile cycle they were in at the time of death.
b) the power stoke phase
c) the rigor state
d) a weak binding state
14) on a tour of african countries, don contracts a bad case of traveler’s diarrhea.
because he can’t eat very much, his body starts to use energy sources other than
carbohydrates. this would result in
a) increased levels of urea in the blood.
b) ketosis.
c) a decreased blood ph.
d) increased gluconeogenesis in the liver.
e) all of these answers are correct.
15) match the specific enzyme to its class.
a. oxidoreductase
b. hydrolase
c. transferase
d. ligase
e. lyase
deaminase
16) the common passageway shared by the respiratory and digestive systems is the
a) larynx.
b) glottis.
c) vestibule.
d) pharynx.
e) esophagus.
17) second messenger molecules directly
a) change the regulation of ion channels.
b) increase intracellular calcium concentration.
c) change enzyme activity.
d) change regulation of gene expression.
e) all of the answers are correct.
18) general anesthetics keep surgical patients unconscious by reducing activity in the
a) hippocampus.
b) corpus callosum.
c) lateral ventricles.
d) reticular formation.
e) medullary pyramids.
19) the ion that plays a key role in initiating electrical signals in neurons is
a) k+.
b) na+.
c) cl-.
d) ca2+.
20) the drug chantix, which treats nicotine addiction, is an ________ for the nicotine
receptor.
a) agonist
b) antagonist
21) peripheral cells sensitive to the presence of hormones are called ________.
22) list the key components of bile. is bile action similar to the action of lipases?
explain.
23) the retrovirus hiv frequently undergoes mutations, making it difficult for scientists
to develop a single effective vaccine. when flu vaccines are administered, patients are
told that they are only protected from one strain of the flu and are still as susceptible to
other strains as unvaccinated people. explain why.
24) the ________ directs blood from the ________ of the heart to the lungs. backflow
of blood to the heart is prevented by ________. blood from the lungs returns to the
heart via ________.
25) list, compare, and contrast the brain’s centers for monitoring and controlling
respiration.