1) match each step in urine formation to its description.
a. excretion
b. filtration
c. reabsorption
d. secretion
movement from the peritubular capillaries to the nephron lumen
2) the portion of the nephron that attaches to the collecting duct is the
a) loop of henle.
b) proximal tubule.
c) distal tubule.
d) collecting duct.
e) minor calyx.
3) excitatory neurotransmitters of the cns usually act by opening ________ channels.
a) na+
b) k+
c) cl-
d) h+
e) ca2+
4) an allosteric modulator binds to
a) a region of the enzyme other than the active site.
b) the active site.
c) the substrate.
d) the product.
e) the surrounding tissue.
5) excess iron in the body is
a) stored in bones.
b) eliminated in the feces.
c) stored in fatty tissues.
d) found in white blood cells.
e) all of the answers are correct.
6) the distance between the alveolar airspace and capillary endothelium is ________,
allowing gases to diffuse ________ between them.
a) short, rapidly
b) long, rapidly
c) short, slowly
d) long, slowly
e) none of the answers are correctdistance does not affect diffusion rate.
7) match each term to its definition.
a. anabolism
b. biochemical pathway
c. catabolism
a series of interconnected chemical reactions
8) the thickest protein fibers from the following group are
a) microtubules.
b) neurofilaments.
c) microfilaments.
d) myosin molecules.
e) keratin filaments.
9) the hormone primarily responsible for milk synthesis is
a) progesterone.
b) oxytocin.
c) prolactin.
d) estrogen.
e) growth hormone.
10) the study of body function in a disease state is
a) necrology.
b) physiology.
c) microbiology.
d) pathophysiology.
e) histology.
11) of the factors that influence diffusion of respiratory gases, the most variable and,
therefore, important factor to consider is the
a) concentration gradient.
b) diffusion distance.
c) membrane surface area.
d) membrane thickness.
e) electrical charge.
12) which of the following is one of cannon’s “internal secretions”?
a) hormones
b) nutrients
c) water
d) inorganic ions
e) none of the answers are correct.
13) egg and sperm cells have
a) 46 chromosomes.
b) 23 chromosomes.
c) just 22 pairs of autosomes plus one pair of sex chromosomes.
d) 46 chromosomes and 23 chromosomes.
e) 46 chromosomes, 23 chromosomes, and 22 pairs of autosomes plus one pair of sex
chromosomes.
14) the primary route for water loss from the body is the ________ system.
a) respiratory
b) urinary
c) digestive
d) integumentary
e) cardiovascular
15) match the structure to its description.
a. muscle spindles
b. golgi tendon organs
c. both
found at the junction of tendons and muscle fibers
16) which of the following is not a somatosensory modality?
a) proprioception
b) touch
c) vision
d) nociception
e) temperature
17) in the body, 80% of all lymphocytes, a type of immune system cell, are thought to
be present in the
a) small intestine.
b) large intestine.
c) appendix.
d) stomach.
e) mouth.
18) your roommate is not a science major but is interested in science and asks you to
verify a rumor he has heard: it is theoretically possible for two people to walk through
each other without causing harm. confirm or refute what he has heard, and explain.
19) distinguish between blood flow rate and blood flow velocity. when an expert in the
field uses the term blood flow, does that term usually mean rate or velocity?
20) draw a diagram of the cerebral motor cortex and descending input to spinal motor
neurons. voluntary suppression of the knee jerk reflex originates in the motor cortex,
which can send inhibitory signals to the motor neurons. if the left motor cortex is active,
is the left or right knee jerk reflex suppressed or are both suppressed? explain your
answer. if the left side of the spinal cord at the level of leg muscle control is damaged,
is it the left or right knee jerk reflex that is suppressed or are both suppressed?
21) carbon dioxide and water readily combine to form carbonic acid. the change in ph
as the acid dissociates can be demonstrated with an indicator dye that changes color at a
particular ph. in your physiology lab, you perform this experiment in two beakers
containing room-temperature water and indicator, labeled as a and b. co2 is bubbled
into solutions a and b from a pressurized tank for 10 seconds. a stopwatch was used to
measure how long it took for the solutions to change color. the data below were
generated by the students.
write the chemical equation for this reaction. determine average values for each beaker.
explain how the reaction times differed. what may be present in beaker b that is absent
from beaker a?
22) ________ pathologies arise in the last endocrine gland in a reflex.
23) draw a diagram of the excitation-contraction coupling and relaxation in cardiac
muscles.
24) ________ is the time when female menstrual cycles stop completely.