Simple diffusion is the net diffusion of a solvent.
An EPSP is conducted decrementally to the axon hillock, where voltage-gated Na+ and
K+ channels are opened to created an action potential in the first segment of the axon.
Bacteria are responsible for the characteristic body odor of apocrine sweat.
Damage to the parietal lobe of the cerebrum would impair somatesthetic interpretation.
The specific shape of a protein determines its function.
Damage to the tectorial membrane near the oval window would limit an individual’s
ability to detect high frequency sounds.
A cochlear implant may help someone with conduction deafness.
All human cells have human leukocyte antigens on their membrane surface.
The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system has limited range because
only a few postganglionic neurons are stimulated.
Enzymes in a metabolic pathway act antagonistically to produce a final product.
The sympathetic chain ganglia are found laterally on both sides of the spinal cord.
LASIK surgery can correct for all types of refractive problems.
Postganglionic sympathetic neurons arise from the thoracic and lumbar regions of the
spinal cord.
Exocrine secretions of the digestive system include enzymes and bicarbonate.
Cells in the G1 phase will have their chromosomes in a condensed form.
Because the kidneys are so important for water balance, the plasma membranes of
kidney cells have many permanent aquaporins.
The “buffy coat” is made up of thrombocytes and leukocytes.
The superior portion of the esophagus contains smooth muscle in its wall.
Damage to the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord would cause heart rate to
be chronically increased compared to normal.
Pheromones act through the gustatory sense to modify the physiology or behavior of
another member of the same species.
Lung compliance increases as the amount of surfactant in the lung increases.
Many autonomic visceral effector organs can function without nervous innervation.
Mutation in the variable regions of the heavy and light chains would directly change the
antigen binding site.
Under conditions of severe dehydration approximately 99.2% of the glomerular
ultrafiltrate volume is reabsorbed.
Insulin and glucagon are antagonistic hormones.
Anemia often results due to a lack of intrinsic factor.
The calcium pump is also an ATPase enzyme.
After menopause, the principal estrogen is estrone that is produced by the adrenal
cortex.
Breastfeeding is an excellent contraceptive for women in developed countries.
Negative feedback results in a response that opposes that of the original deviation from
normal.
Almost every body cell has a single nonmotile primary cilium with a “9+0” structure.
What vitamin is a required coenzyme for transamination?
A. B3
B. B6
C. B9
D. B12
Homeostasis is best thought of as being a state of
A.constant fluctuation.
B.stasis.
C.dynamic constancy.
D.inconsistency.
Osteoclast (growth or function) is inhibited by
A.calcitonin.
B.osteoprotegrin.
C.osteoblasts.
D.All of the choices are correct.
Damage to cutaneous receptors would limit the ability to detect all of the following
except
A.pain.
B.thermal sensations.
C.body position.
D.touch.
A 10% dextrose solution is isotonic to plasma.
What ion is involved in stimulating genetic transcription needed for learning and
memory?
A. Na+
B. K+
C. Ca2+
D. NO
The most successful method of contraception is
A.vasectomy.
B.oral contraceptives.
C.the rhythm method.
D.condom usage.
Nitric oxide (NO) may form the following compound and increase the drive to breath.
A.NO2
B.HCO3
C.SNOs
D.SIDS
The process of sperm gaining the ability to fertilize an ovum as they pass through the
female reproductive tract is called
A.capacitation.
B.receptiveness.
C.spermatogenesis.
D.spermiogenesis.
Postganglionic ____________ nerves release acetylcholine.
A.sympathetic
B.parasympathetic
C.somatic
D.sensory
Histological examination of a membrane shows several layers of keratinized flattened
cells. This sample most likely came from
A.the epidermis of the skin.
B.the lining of the oral cavity.
C.the lining of the urinary bladder.
D.the lining of the digestive tract.
Which of the following is NOT a barrier to acid and pepsin damage in the stomach?
A.adherent layer of mucus
B.bicarbonate
C.gap junctions between epithelial cells
D.rapid turnover of epithelial cells
The amount of a given gas dissolved in the blood
A.is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas.
B.increases at higher altitudes.
C.is described primarily by Boyle’s law.
D.All of the choices are correct.
Wavelike muscular contraction of the gastrointestinal tract is called
A.peristalsis.
B.segmentation.
C.deglutition.
D.mastication.
_____________ is the perception of pain in a somatic location that is caused by damage
to an internal organ and not by the activity somatic nociceptors.
A.Sensory adaptation
B.Lateral inhibition
C.Referred pain
D.Phantom limb
______________ is an exaggerated response of beta cells to a rise in blood glucose
usually seen in those predisposed to type 2 diabetes.
A.Hyperglycemia
B.Reactive hypoglycemia
C.Stress hyperglycemia
D.Exercise hypoglycemia
Alpha2-adrenergic receptors on presynaptic axon terminals, when stimulated, cause
A.increased release of norepinephrine.
B.decreased release of epinephrine.
C.increased release of epinephrine.
D.decreased release of norepinephrine.
The centrosome is responsible for
A. making cilia.
B. making microtubules.
C. pulling duplicated chromosomes apart.
D. All apply.
_____________ ganglia are associated with the parasympathetic division of the
autonomic nervous system.
A.Paravertebral
B.Terminal
C.Collateral
D.Basal
Vascular smooth muscle can directly respond to changes in pressure. This type of
control is called
A.metabolic.
B.extrinsic.
C.vasogenic.
D.myogenic.
The varied strength of synaptic transmission is called
A. spatial summation.
B. temporal summation.
C. synaptic plasticity.
D. EPSP.
Synaptic vesicles are docked to the plasma membrane of the axon terminal by a protein
complex called
A. boutons.
B. connexins.
C. synaptotagmins.
D. SNARE.
Phospholipid molecules will form aggregates called ______ when placed in water.
A.surfactants
B.ketone bodies
C.prostaglandins
D.micelles
Embryonic stem cells can form unrelated cell types, so they are considered
A. pluripotent.
B. multipotent.
C. totipotent.
D. omnipotent.
Bile is produced by
A.Kupffer cells.
B.gall bladder cells.
C.hepatocytes.
D.sinusoids.
Blood flow would be increased by
A.histamines.
B.antihistamines.
C.thromboxane A2.
D.angiotensin II.
Which of the following is the correct order of the nephron tubule structures?
A.distal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, proximal convoluted tubule, Bowman’s
capsule
B.proximal convoluted tubule, Bowman’s capsule, distal convoluted tubule, loop of
Henle
C.Bowman’s capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted
tubule
D.loop of Henle, Bowman’s capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted
tubule
The cerebellum forms from the
A.telencephalon.
B.metencephalon.
C.myelencephalon.
D.diencephalon.
Spatial summation
A. occurs when a single neuron releases neurotransmitter rapidly.
B. occurs because of the convergence of many neurons on a single postsynaptic cell.
C. only involves excitatory postsynaptic potentials.
D. only involves inhibitory postsynaptic potentials.
The effect of acetylcholine binding to its receptors in the heart is a heart rate
A.increase.
B.decrease.
C.unchanged.
Viagra works by blocking ________________ in order to raise cGMP concentration
and promote vasodilation of vascular smooth muscle of the penis to produce an
erection.
A.5-alpha reductase
B.aromatase
C.ATPase
D.cGMP phosphodiesterase
The negative feedback control of HCl secretion in the gastric phase of gastric regulation
is mainly by
A.decline in gastrin secretion.
B.increase in gastrin secretion.
C.increase in somatostatin secretion.
D.Both decrease in gastrin secretion and increase in somatostatin secretion.