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A student who frequently taps a pencil loudly during seatwork stops the tapping
behavior. The teacher praises the quiet behavior. Which intervention strategy is being
used?
a) nonverbal cues
b) praise of incompatible, correct behavior
c) simple verbal reminder
d) repeated reminder
By 2026, what percentage of U.S. students is expected to come from homes in which
the primary language is not English?
a) 40 percent
b) 25 percent
c) 10 percent
d) 5 percent
Management in a student-centered classroom is:
a) unlikely to involve students in setting standards of behavior.
b) more directed at individual work than cooperative projects.
c) oriented toward few choices for the students.
d) more participatory than in a traditional classroom.
How can teachers help their students to develop automaticity?
a) Be sure that certain parts of a task are practiced until they become second nature, so
that more concentration can be given to other parts.
b) Integrate motor skills with cognitive skills in learning new material.
c) Draw on multiple memory components rather than on selected components only.
d) Make some parts of a task more noticeable so that they stand out.
The culture of most schools in the United States tends to reflect:
a) the full range of class values.
b) upper-class values.
c) middle-class values.
d) lower-class values.
Mr. Sterling wants to improve student achievement by increasing the time that students
spend learning. Which type of time would be most valuable to increase for that
purpose?
a) Time spent on procedures (e.g., distributing materials) throughout the year
b) Engaged time
c) Allocated time
d) Seatwork time
Which of the following would be considered a simulation?
a) creating instructions for a computer to perform specific functions
b) creating graphs from a spreadsheet
c) a computer program that models real-life phenomena to promote learning
d) a computer program that simulates and motivates the student to learn
As the chair of the language department, you suggest that your new teacher of Chinese
consider introducing a process to help students learn the vocabulary more easily. Which
approach would be most appropriate for you to suggest, according to the text author?
a) Initial letter strategy
b) Pegword method
c) Loci method
d) Keyword method
The validity of test results would be best reflected in response to which one of the
following questions?
a) Are the test results consistent?
b) Does the test measure what has been taught?
c) Is there enough similarity among the items?
d) Is the test long enough?
According to the text, levels of anxiety in adolescents are highest in which of Marcia's
identity stages?
a) Foreclosure
b) Diffusion
c) Moratorium
d) Achievement
Maslow's deficiency needs are those that are critical to physical and psychological
well-being. When they are satisfied:
a) a student will be unable to focus on school work.
b) the individual's motivation to satisfy them increases.
c) motivation to satisfy them diminishes.
d) the individual has achieved self-actualization.
Mr. Sanchez randomly assigns have of his class to study their home state on the
computer and the other half of the class to use their social studies textbook. Mr.
Sanchez then compares the two groups by giving both a test on basic state history. Mr.
Sanchez conducted which type of research?
a) Descriptive
b) Ethnography
c) Correlational study
d) Experimental
Which of the following is the correct sequence of phases for
understanding observational learning?
a) attention, retention, motivation, reproduction
b) motivation, retention, reproduction, attention
c) motivation, attention, reproduction, retention
d) attention, retention, reproduction, motivation
Cooperative learning methods fall into two broad categories. One category might be
called group study methods. The second category is project-based learning or
collaborative learning also known as:
a) active learning.
b) passive learning.
c) observational learning.
d) well-structured problem solving.
In the general problem-solving strategy IDEAL, what does the A stand for?
a) Anticipate outcomes and act.
b) Argue the point.
c) Analyze possible strategies.
d) Answer the question.
You are told that two students with mild disabilities will attend your class. Which action
would probably best further their social integration into your class?
a) Suspend classroom rules concerning social interaction in class, allowing the students
with disabilities to communicate with their peers at any time.
b) Use peer tutoring on occasion to help them with learning problems.
c) Ignore the differences between them and the rest of your class, and allow them to be
accepted at their own speed.
d) Use within-class ability grouping in most subjects.
Research on the achievement effects of within-class ability groupings of elementary
mathematics classes shows:
a) Results are inconclusive due to the infrequent employment of these methods
b) Students in ability-grouped classes learned at levels comparable to students in classes
without ability grouping
c) Students in ability-grouped classes demonstrated lower achievement gains than did
students in classes without ability grouping
d) Students in ability-grouped classes demonstrated greater achievement gains than did
students in classes that did not use grouping
Vygotsky's constructivist theories are characterized by four key concepts for classroom
instruction: zone of proximal development; cognitive apprenticeship; scaffolding or
mediated learning; and:
a) social learning.
b) shaping.
c) receptive learning.
d) schemata learning.
Human beings often complain about having poor memories. This inadequacy of the
memory system is primarily due to:
a) the small capacity of long-term memory.
b) too many items permanently stored in working memory.
c) difficulties in gaining access to information in long-term memory.
d) the limited storage capacity of the sensory registers.
A teacher uses a backward-planning strategy in designing a course. The teacher should
plan individual lessons:
a) after establishing course and unit objectives.
b) as the first step.
c) after establishing course objectives but before establishing unit objectives.
d) after constructing the final exam.
A great deal of allocated instructional time is lost because the teacher does not start
teaching at the beginning of the period. This can be a problem in self-contained
elementary classes, especially, because:
a) the teachers lack "withitness."
b) waiting for everyone to fill a seat is time consuming.
c) there are no bells or fixed schedules to structure the period.
d) the class may be out of control.
The degree to which results of an experiment can be applied to real-life situations is
known as:
a) Construct validity
b) Correlational validity
c) External validity
d) Internal validity
The overall effect of desegregation on the academic achievement of students from
underrepresented groups has been:
a) greater than expected.
b) negligible.
c) measurably negative.
d) small though positive.
The advantage of simulations is that they allow students to learn about a subject:
a) without the help of peers.
b) without interference.
c) from the inside.
d) from the outside.
Two students are shown a variety of tools in a woodworking class. The first one is
asked to name the tools and the second is asked to indicate several possible uses of each
tool. Later, they are asked to recall which tools they were shown. What would be
predicted by levels-of-processing theory?
a) The second student will remember more tools.
b) The first student will remember more tools.
c) There is no way to determine who will remember more tools.
d) They will remember the same amount of tools.
Adolescents seek to share their inner feelings most often with:
a) parents.
b) school teachers.
c) popular peers.
d) close friends.
A z-score is a standard score that has a mean of ________ and a standard deviation of
________.
a) 0; 1
b) 50; 5
c) 100; 10
d) 500; 100
Using the QAIT model, which would be an appropriate level of instruction?
a) A level that is based on the curriculum mandated by the state or district
b) A level that is intrinsically motivating for students
c) A level that is neither too difficult nor too easy for students
d) A level that is requested by the person or guardian
The SAT and the ACT are categorized as which of the following types of tests?
a) Criterion-referenced
b) Knowledge
c) Standardized
d) Diagnostic
Increasingly, states are establishing standards for subjects and assessments. These
standards should:
a) guide teachers' planning of objectives and lessons.
b) guide teachers and parents during conferences.
c) guide parents in selecting schools for their children.
d) guide school boards in hiring new staff members.
About half of the class (group A) knows more about the Democratic party while the
other half (group B) knows more about the Republicans. The teacher presents a
weeklong lesson on both parties. Which of the following is likely, based on schema
theory?
a) Group A will learn more about the Democrats than will group B.
b) Group B will have a better attitude than group A about the parts dealing with the
Republicans.
c) Group B will learn more about the Democrats than will group A.
d) Both groups should learn the same amount about both parties.
This type of reform examines the root cause of problems within the educational setting.
a) assessment reform
b) no child left behind
c) data-driven reform
d) administrative reform
Seriation, an important task children learn during the concrete operational stage, is
characterized by which ability?
a) Arranging items with automaticity
b) Arranging things in a logical progression
c) Disinterest in details such as volume or size
d) Interest in disorder of details, as in "Where's Waldo?"
Research has indicated that the length of a school year is not as important as:
a) how time is managed in the classroom.
b) students' scores on standardized tests.
c) students' behavior in the classroom.
d) student-teacher rapport.
The final step in backward planning is to:
a) write objectives for large units of instruction.
b) estimate the amount of class time to spend on each unit objective.
c) plan daily lessons.
d) establish long-term course objectives.
