Which of the following is TRUE about the cortical areas that are sometimes known as
“association areas”?
a. They do have the main control of thinking and reasoning.
b. They would be better described as additional sensory areas.
c. They form associations between touch and hearing.
d. They integrate information from more than one sensory system.
Which of the following is NOT true about EPSPs?
a. They decay over time.
b. Their strength decreases with distance.
c. They operate on an all-or-none principle.
d. They are depolarizations.
Rats and mice are better able to discriminate odors than humans because they:
a. have a greater variety of olfactory receptors.
b. are closer to the ground.
c. have more practice.
d. have shorter olfactory cilia.
What is unusual about olfactory receptors compared to most other mature mammalian
neurons?
a. They have more than one axon each.
b. They have no axons.
c. They are replaceable when old neurons die.
d. They use more than one neurotransmitter.
Which of the following would a person with conductive deafness be able to hear better
than a person with nerve deafness?
a. everything
b. themselves talking
c. other people talking
d. nothing
One objection to the use of the one-mate strategy in women is that:
a. in some cases, having multiple sex partners can result in more offspring.
b. women are more jealous than men.
c. women can’t be sure that their mate is the father.
d. there are no men who share this strategy.
The ability to state a memory in words is termed:
a. procedural memory.
b. declarative memory.
c. implicit memory.
d. short term memory.
Damage to the magnocellular pathway would most likely lead to the loss of:
a. color vision.
b. shape perception.
c. color constancy.
d. motion perception.
The right hemisphere appears to contribute more than the left hemisphere to the ____ of
speech.
a. emotional content
b. semantic content
c. grammatical structure
d. volume
The cell membrane is composed of two layers of:
a. protein.
b. fat.
c. carbohydrate.
d. plasma.
Light from above our head strikes the:
a. left side of the retina.
b. right side of the retina.
c. top half of the retina.
d. bottom half of the retina.
LSD and other hallucinogenic drugs probably exert their effects most directly on what
part of the neuron?
a. the axon terminals
b. the postsynaptic receptors
c. the reuptake protein channels
d. the sodium-potassium pump
A comparative psychologist:
a. compares the reactions different people have in similar situations.
b. considers the evolutionary histories of different species and their behaviors.
c. compares nervous system responses of different people.
d. helps people with emotional distress.
The ventricles, central canal, and subarachnoid space are all:
a. part of the forebrain.
b. filled with cerebrospinal fluid.
c. involved in cognitive functioning.
d. filled with blood.
After ECT has relieved depression, the usual strategy to try to prevent a relapse
includes all of the following EXCEPT:
a. drug therapy.
b. psychotherapy.
c. periodic ECT treatments.
d. periodic transcranial magnetic stimulation.
A temporary hyperpolarization is known as an:
a. EPSP.
b. IPSP.
c. ISPS.
d. EPIP.
A receptor can directly open a channel exerting a(n) ____ effect or it can produce
slower but longer ____ effects.
a. gated; metabotropic
b. ionotropic; gated
c. metabotropic; ionotropic
d. ionotropic; metabotropic
What is the relationship of color blindness between males and females?
a. Males are more likely to be color blind.
b. Females are more likely to be color blind.
c. Males and females show roughly equal susceptibility to color blindness.
d. Males are more likely to report problems with color vision, but females are more
likely to actually be color blind.
The choroid plexus:
a. cushions the brain.
b. protects the brain from infection.
c. is another name for the ventricles.
d. forms the cerebrospinal fluid.
Karl Lashley called the physical basis of learning a(n):
a. amyloid.
b. engram.
c. plaque.
d. synapse.
The concentration gradient refers to:
a. the fact that the concentration of ions is greater on the inside of a neuron.
b. the fact that the concentration of ions is greater on the outside of a neuron.
c. the difference in distribution for various ions between the inside and outside of the
membrane.
d. the negatively charged proteins inside the cell.
A director position in research would normally require at least a ____.
a. Ph.D.
b. master’s degree
c. bachelor’s degree
d. research certificate
Which of the following characterizes the blind spot?
a. It has the greatest perception of detail.
b. There are no receptors there..
c. It falls in the shadow cast by the pupil.
d. It has more rods than cones.
A combination of benzodiazepines and alcohol should be avoided because:
a. each magnifies the effects of the other.
b. each cancels the effects of the other.
c. they react with each other chemically to form a new compound.
d. the combination produces excessive anxiety.
If you inject a male rat with estrogen shortly after birth, it will:
a. still develop into a male.
b. still develop into a male, but will act very much like a female.
c. develop into something intermediate between female and male.
d. develop into a female.
Which of the following would be considered a tricyclics antidepressant?
a. fluoxetine (Prozac)
b. imipramine (Tofranil)
c. disulfiram (Antabuse)
d. chlorpromazine (Thorazine)
Sexual orientation has been linked to all of the following EXCEPT:
a. prenatal stress.
b. mother’s immune system.
c. genetics.
d. adult hormone levels.
Which of the following time points would women most likely initiate sexual activity?
a. periovulatory period
b. luteal phase
c. menstruation
d. when they stop taking contraceptives
A peculiarity of the memory of the neurological patient H.M. was that he was able to:
a. retain new skills but not remember having learned them.
b. form new long-term memories but not short-term memories.
c. find his way to a new residence.
d. remember people’s names but not which name went with which person.
The ability to digest lactose varies in a patchy way from place to place on which
continent?
a. Asia
b. Europe
c. Africa
d. Antarctica
If you wanted to go to sleep at 11 pm, the best time to take melatonin would be:
a. at the time you go to bed.
b. about 9 pm.
c. when you wake up that morning.
d. at lunchtime.
The areas of the cortex used by expert video game players are most likely to ____ than
the same cortical areas of those who don”t play video games.
a. be thicker
b. have smaller, but a greater number of neurons
c. have faster action potentials
d. be more resistant to transcortical stimulation
The changes in estrogen levels just before menstruation are the cause of PMS.
CCK limits meal size.
What is Broca’s apahsia?
Lateral inhibition is the reduction of activity in one neuron by activity in neighboring
neurons.
Most of the brain’s excitatory ionotropic synapses use the neurotransmitter glutamate.
Discuss David Chalmers’s easy and hard problem of consciousness.
Answer:
Answers will vary.
One disadvantage of the blood-brain barrier is that it keeps out most forms of nutrition.
Briefly describe how benzodiazepines work in the brain.
The greater the surface area of a dendrite, the more information it can receive from
other neurons.
Individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder are more likely to have a suppressed
startle reflex.
Describe how axons reach their targets during development.
Some neurons provide the myelination for other neurons.
The stretch reflex is caused by a stretch of the muscle.
Recent evidence suggests that phantom limb pain is caused by sensations coming from
the stump of the amputated limb.
Both sexual arousal and orgasm depend on the release of which neurotransmitter from
the medial preoptic area neurons?
A GABA
B Serotonin
C Acetylcholine
D Dopamine
Combining sleep alteration with drug therapies can provide long-lasting benefits.
Taste receptors are continually being replaced.
Damage to the insular cortex impairs the sense of taste and the ability to recognize:
A fear.
B sadness.
C happiness.
D disgust.