One way that over-the-counter cold remedies work is by:
a. increasing parasympathetic activity.
b. decreasing sympathetic activity.
c. increasing sympathetic activity.
d. blocking all autonomic activity.
In general, what can we say about recovery for brain-damaged patients in the future?
a. There is very little hope of recovery.
b. Researchers are optimistic, but they need to evaluate many possible therapies.
c. Drug therapies have clear advantages over all other approaches.
d. Brain grafts are the only real answer.
Which organisms, if any, use behavioral means to regulate their body temperature?
a. poikilothermic, but not homeothermic
b. homeothermic, but not poikilothermic
c. both poikilothermic and homeothermic
d. neither poikilothermic nor homeothermic
Dyslexia is more common among languages that:
a. are phonetically based.
b. have many odd spellings.
c. are tonal in nature.
d. use masculine and feminine nouns.
Which of the following actions is most likely to be dependent on ionotropic effects?
a. gradual sleepiness
b. hormone release
c. hunger
d. rapid muscle contraction
Which of the following has often been interpreted as an intrusion of REM sleep into
wakefulness?
a. Narcolepsy
b. Sleep apnea
c. REM behavior disorder
d. Somnambulism
The relationship between sleep stage and dreaming is that dreams:
a. occur only in REM sleep.
b. occur only in NREM sleep.
c. are more frequent and more vivid in REM sleep.
d. are more frequent and more vivid in NREM sleep.
A(n) ____ explanation of human behavior is often controversial, because many
behaviors alleged to be part of our evolutionary heritage could have been learned
instead.
a. physiological
b. ontogenetic
c. evolutionary
d. functional
On the average, homosexual and heterosexual people:
a. do not differ anatomically.
b. differ anatomically in many subtle ways.
c. differ anatomically in many drastic ways.
d. differ very little anatomically.
Roger Sperry cut a newt’s optic nerve and rotated the eye. Axons from what used to be
the dorsal part of the retina (now located on the ventral side) grew back to the target
areas:
a. that ordinarily get input from the dorsal retina.
b. that ordinarily get input from the ventral retina.
c. that ordinarily get input from the center of the retina.
d. equally and diffusely.
Suppose all people with blonde hair have blue eyes and all people with dark hair have
brown eyes. If the genes for eye and hair color are on the same chromosome, then what
would most likely happen if these chromosomes crossed over?
a. Hair and eye color could be inherited independently.
b. All people with dark hair would have brown eyes.
c. All people with blonde hair will have brown eyes.
d. Hair color would be dominant over eye color.
A search for the happiness center in the brain is unlikely to be successful because:
a. brain areas associated with particular emotions vary considerably.
b. happiness is only an epiphenomenon.
c. fear activates the identical brain areas as happiness does.
d. no one has been able to define happiness.
REM sleep is characterized by which of the following?
a. tension and activity of the postural muscles
b. low and steady heart and breathing rates
c. a high level of brain activity
d. a highly synchronized EEG pattern
The human condition that corresponds closest to what kittens experience when raised in
an environment of only horizontal or vertical lines is:
a. strabismus.
b. double vision.
c. astigmatism.
d. amblyopia.
In the absence of any light, dark, or time cues, human circadian rhythms would:
a. become much shorter than 24 hours.
b. become slightly longer than 24 hours.
c. cease to exist.
d. make the person crazy.
What best explains the absence of the use of dairy products in many Asian cuisines?
a. cultural bias
b. digestive limitations
c. religious taboos
d. the geographic region’s incapability of supporting dairy animals
A stereotaxic instrument would most likely be used for:
a. placing an electrode in the brain.
b. assessing regional blood flow.
c. testing reflexes.
d. measuring blood pressure.
Protein channels allow ____ to cross the cell membrane.
a. large charged molecules
b. small charged molecules
c. large uncharged molecules
d. small uncharged molecules
Which category of antidepressant drugs operates by blocking the enzyme that
metabolizes catecholamines and serotonin into inactive forms?
a. tricyclics
b. MAOIs
c. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
d. atypical antidepressants
What is especially limited in a patient with Huntington’s disease?
a. The ability to learn and improve new movements
b. Controlling aim and duration of eye movements
c. Reflexes
d. Short-term memory
The estradiol normally found in the bloodstream of a female rat fetus neither
masculinizes nor feminizes its development because it:
a. is chemically converted to testosterone.
b. is prevented from entering the developing cells.
c. is chemically unstable at the body temperature of a fetus.
d. would have no effect on cells even if it did enter them.
Blood vessel constriction, shivering, and sweating are controlled by which area of the
brain?
a. pineal body
b. preoptic area of the hypothalamus
c. parietal cortex
d. cerebellum
Noam Chomsky and other advocates of the language acquisition device argue that
humans:
a. are incapable of learning language.
b. are born with language.
c. learn language through classical conditioning.
d. are no different in language capabilities than gorillas.
Loss of orexin-containing neurons in the hypothalamus may contribute to:
a. sleep apnea.
b. narcolepsy.
c. insomnia.
d. periodic limb movement disorder.
Giving a dolphin a treat when it does a summersault would be considered a(n):
a. reinforcement.
b. punishment.
c. unconditioned response.
d. conditioned response.
So far, it appears that the brain feature most strongly correlated with intelligence in
humans is the:
a. volume of the hippocampus.
b. brain-to-body ratio.
c. brain weight.
d. amount of gray matter.
As axons from the spinal cord enter the skull, which structure do they enter?
a. Midbrain
b. Forebrain
c. Medulla
d. Cerebellum
Which of the following species has the highest brain-to-body ratio?
a. Humans
b. Frogs
c. squirrel monkey
d. Elephant
Most of the neurons in the visual cortex of very young kittens respond to:
a. one eye, but later develop binocular control.
b. one eye, and continue that way.
c. both eyes, but later fine tune to only one.
d. both eyes, and continue that way.
Which of the following would most likely have the highest total amount of REM sleep?
a. infant human
b. old horse
c. young cow
d. old bear
How human language develops as the result of genes and the opportunity to hear
language during a sensitive period in early life is an example of a(n) ____ explanation.
a. physiological
b. ontogenetic
c. evolutionary
d. functional
The presynaptic terminal ordinarily reabsorbs released dopamine through a protein
called a:
a. dopamine reabsorber
b. dopamine releaser
c. dopamine transporter
d. dopamine agonist
In Parkinson’s disease, which pathway in the brain degenerates?
a. Basal ganglia to cerebellum
b. Substantia nigra to caudate nucleus and putamen
c. Cerebellum to spinal cord
d. Cerebral cortex to spinal cord
The fact that all colors on older televisions were created by combining only three
different colors of light supports the ____ theory of color vision.
a. CRT
b. opponent process
c. retinex
d. trichromatic