Mammals have circadian rhythms:
a. only for their sleep/activity cycle.
b. only for frequency of eating and drinking.
c. for sleep and body temperature only.
d. for a variety of activities, including sleep.
One major problem with studies that use PET or rCBF is:
a. choosing an appropriate comparison condition.
b. getting the blood to move where you want it.
c. they can be done only while someone is asleep.
d. they are completely noninvasive.
Suppose a virus damaged only the dorsal roots of the spinal cord, but not the ventral
roots. What would happen to the sensory and motor abilities of the affected area?
a. Loss of sensation, but preserved motor control
b. Loss of both sensation and motor control
c. Loss of motor control, but preserved sensation
d. Unaffected sensation and motor control
How do amphibians and reptiles control their body temperature?
a. they cannot
b. by shivering and sweating
c. by changing the reflectivity of their skin
d. by choosing an appropriate area of the environment
When Sperry cut a newt’s optic nerve and rotated the eye by 180 degrees, each axon:
a. degenerated.
b. regenerated to a random location.
c. regenerated to the area where it had originally been.
d. regenerated, but to the area appropriate to its new location.
A nonspecific response of the body to any demand made upon it is a definition of:
a. emotion.
b. feeling.
c. stress.
d. psychosomatic illness.
The fact that the refractory period limits the firing rate of a neuron is problematic for
which of the following?
a. frequency theory
b. place theory
c. volley theory
d. both the frequency theory and the place theory
Most theorists believe that the first sensory system was:
a. vision.
b. vestibular.
c. pain.
d. chemical.
Which of the following careers is MOST different than the others?
a. Behavioral neuroscientist
b. Neuropsychologist
c. Psychophysiologist
d. Psychiatrist
When food distends the duodenum, the duodenum releases which hormone?
a. Prolactin
b. Aldosterone
c. angiotensin II
d. Cholecystokinin
The absence of acetylcholine will cause a muscle to:
a. relax.
b. contract.
c. fatigue.
d. stretch.
Animals produce endogenous circadian rhythms that:
a. last about an hour.
b. last about a day.
c. last about a week
d. last more then a day.
The process of ____ changes testosterone into estradiol.
a. aromatization
b. transmutation
c. methylation
d. alchemy
Children with Williams syndrome are characterized by:
a. good language abilities despite low overall intelligence.
b. loss of language abilities at approximately four years of age.
c. problems creating grammatical sentences.
d. a specific impairment of vocabulary.
One of the most promising hopes for appetite control drug researchers is the:
a. melanocortin receptor.
b. cortin receptor.
c. melan receptor.
d. agoutin receptor.
Most depressed people show ____ activity in the ____ prefrontal cortex.
a. increased; left
b. decreased; left
c. decreased; right
d. increased; right and left
During REM sleep, the pons sends inhibitory messages to the:
a. spinal cord.
b. occipital lobe.
c. vestibular system.
d. cerebral cortex.
Sympathetic ganglia:
a. are located inside the spinal cord.
b. act more independently than do parasympathetic ganglia.
c. are closely linked and often act as a single system.
d. have short postganglionic fibers extending to internal organs.
All of the following are reasons why the fovea is well-suited for highly detailed vision
EXCEPT:
a. there are few blood vessels there.
b. there are few ganglion cells there.
c. the receptors are tightly-packed there.
d. the optic nerve connects there.
Olfactory receptor sites are located:
a. in the brain.
b. on cilia.
c. in the olfactory bulb.
d. on the basilar membrane.
Which of the following characterizes the fovea?
a. It has the greatest perception of detail.
b. It surrounds the point of exit of the optic nerve.
c. It falls in the shadow cast by the pupil.
d. It has more rods than cones.
A cycle of food-deprivation following by overeating characterizes:
a. anorexia.
b. bulimia.
c. bipolar disorder.
d. obesity.
The anterior commissure, on the average, is:
a. smaller in heterosexual women than heterosexual men.
b. larger in heterosexual women than heterosexual men.
c. smaller in homosexual men than heterosexual men.
d. larger in heterosexual men than homosexual men.
When prompted with cues, Korsakoff’s victims can often produce words from lists they
saw but claim to have never seen. This exemplifies what kind of memory?
a. reference
b. procedural
c. implicit
d. explicit
At high temperatures, a fish relies mostly on its:
a. white muscles.
b. red muscles.
c. blue muscles.
d. pink muscles.
Recent research discourages the use of antidepressant drugs, for which reason?
a. The drugs’ side effects grow worse and worse after repeated use.
b. To get benefits, a person must find exactly the right dose to take.
c. The most effective drugs are the most expensive ones.
d. Placebos produce practically the same benefits as the drugs in mild to moderate
depression.
The most likely reason that children with fetal alcohol syndrome have brain
abnormalities is because alcohol:
a. overexcites neurons.
b. stimulates nerve growth factor.
c. decreases apoptosis.
d. decreases release of neurotrophins.
Which of the following is an effect of most antipsychotic drugs?
a. increased release of acetylcholine
b. decreased reuptake of serotonin
c. increased synthesis of norepinephrine
d. blockage of dopamine receptors
The cerebellum is most important for any process that requires:
a. precise timing.
b. control of muscle strength.
c. comparison between the left and right hemispheres.
d. detecting the intensity of a stimulus.
Typically, a person who falls asleep enters:
a. stage 4 and slowly progresses through the stages 3, 2, 1 and then REM.
b. REM and then slowly progresses from stage 4, to 3, then 2, and lastly 1.
c. stage 1 and slowly progresses through stages 2, 3 and 4, but not necessarily in order.
d. stage 1 and slowly progresses through stages 2, 3 and 4 in order.
According to the James-Lange theory of emotion:
a. only sympathetic arousal is important.
b. emotional intensity is a function of physiological responses.
c. we experience emotion first, and then our autonomic nervous system produces the
appropriate changes.
d. we attack because we are angry.