When explaining informed consent, counselors who routinely work with minors need to
clarify the various exceptions to confidentiality:
a. using scare tactics so as to reduce the likelihood that their clients will share anything
that needs to be reported.
b. in language minor clients can understand.
c. using psychological jargon in order to reinforce one’s credibility as a professional.
d. so they can avoid a malpractice suit.
Privileged communication does not apply in cases of:
A.clients’ disclosures of personal and sensitive information.
B.child abuse and neglect.
C.unfaithfulness in one or both partners in couple’s therapy.
D.legal proceedings where the therapist is asked to produce a client’s records in court.
Barriers to dismissing a student who demonstrates dysfunctional interpersonal behavior
from a training program include:
a. lack of adequate procedures in place to support a dismissal decision.
b. concern about the heightened resistance or defensiveness in the trainee.
c. fear of legal reprisal by the trainee.
d. the potential for receiving criticism from other faculty members who were not
involved in the trainee’s remediation.
e. all of the above
The counselor who asks the questions “Am I doing what is best for my client?” rather
than “Is this situation unethical?” is functioning from which of the following ethical
perspectives?
a. Principle ethics
b. Virtue ethics
c. Value ethics
d. Practical ethics
Screening candidates for a training program can be viewed as:
a. a one-way process.
b. a two-way process.
c. a hoop to jump through.
d. a test of one’s ability to be politically correct.
Counselors who have unresolved personal conflicts:
A.need to recognize that their problems may interfere with their effectiveness and
refrain from activities that would harm a client.
B.must resolve all their difficulties before counseling others.
C.are quite effective because they know how difficult it is to resolve problems.
D.need to repress anxiety-provoking issues in their own lives before becoming effective
counselors.
School counselors must often function in multiple roles such as counselor, teacher, and
chaperon. This illustrates the concept of:
a. role blending
b. overfunctioning
c. overachieving
d. role conversion
When using tests or assessment instruments with a client, it is important to:
a. be familiar with any tests you are using and to have taken these tests yourself.
b. select tests that are appropriate for your client given his or her unique cultural, social,
and cognitive factors.
c. explore a client’s views and expectations about testing and to work with him or her in
resolving attitudes that are likely to affect the outcome of a test.
d. give clients test results, not simply test scores.
e. all of the above.
When there is potential for negative consequences arising from a dual relationship, it is
the responsibility of the professional to:
a. secure the informed consent of clients and discuss with them both the potential risks
and benefits of the relationship.
b. consult with other professionals.
c. seek supervision if the risk for harm is high.
d. document any dual relationships in clinical case notes.
e. all of the above
Process notes are synonymous with:
a. progress notes.
b. psychotherapy notes.
c. a client assessment.
d. a treatment plan.
e. a client’s journal entries.
Oppression has resulted in deep psychological and spiritual pain for persons in diverse
groups. This is referred to as
a. an identity crisis.
b. soul wounding.
c. an injury to the psyche.
d. a narcissistic injury.
Dual or multiple relationships can occur
a. simultaneously.
b. consecutively.
c. either a or b.
d. neither a nor b.
The changing role of the school counselor encompasses_____________________,
which involves the counselor engaging in “prevention, intervention, and/or remediation
activities that facilitate communication and understanding between culturally diverse
human systems that aid the educational progress of all students.”
a. legal expertise
b. cultural mediation
c. cultural remediation
d. case management
Concerning the issue of unresolved personal conflicts, the authors take the position that:
a. the personal needs of a therapist can interfere with the therapeutic process if the
therapist is unaware of these needs.
b. therapists must resolve all their personal difficulties before they begin to counsel
others.
c. counselors must have experienced exactly the same problems as their clients in order
to have empathy for their clients.
d. none of the above
Which of the following topics would be appropriate to discuss during the initial
supervisory session?
A.The supervisor’s expectations regarding supervisee preparedness for supervisory
meetings.
B.The supervisor’s expectations regarding formal and informal evaluations.
C.The supervisor’s expectations regarding the structure and/or the nature of the
supervisory sessions.
D.All of the choices.
The ethical responsibility of mental-health professionals to safeguard clients from
unauthorized disclosures of information given in the therapeutic relationship is the
definition of:
a. confidentiality.
b. privileged communication.
c. privacy.
d. informed consent.
Regarding counseling with children and adolescents, informed consent of parents or
guardians may not be legally required when a minor is seeking counseling for:
a. dangerous drugs or narcotics.
b. sexually transmitted diseases.
c. pregnancy and birth control.
d. all of the above
Bonnie became sexually involved with her therapist soon after therapy began. This
action was initiated by the therapist who saw Bonnie’s provocative behavior as an
invitation to become intimate. The following is a possible on-going consequence for the
client being sexually exploited:
A.substance abuse
B.suicidal ideation
C.distrust for therapists and the therapeutic process
D.impaired social adjustment and distrust of opposite sex
E.All of the choices
The following statement is not true with respect to counselor competence:
A.Practitioners are required to practice within the boundaries of their competence.
B.Only when the therapist completes a doctoral program, are they competent to practice
with all specialties.
C.The practitioner can develop competency by working with professionals with more
experience.
D.Conferences, workshops and continuing education are means towards developing
competency.
From a legal perspective, mental health professionals are expected to exercise
“reasonable care” in working with clients who are considering abortion, and if they fail
to do so, clients can take legal action against them for
a. negligence.
b. breach of confidentiality.
c. being unreasonable.
d. insufficient knowledge.
Joanne finds herself wanting to solve her client’s problems which are similar to the
issues her daughter is going through. Joanne gives advice and feels frustrated when her
client won’t follow through on her suggestions. Her emotional reactions to her client,
which involve her own projections is based on:
A.transference.
B.nurturance.
C.countertransference.
D.caretaking.
Deutsch and Farber found surprisingly similar results in their surveys of therapists’
perceptions of stressful client behavior. In both studies therapists reported that the
following clients’ behavior was most stressful for them:
A.aggression and hostility
B.suicidal statements
C.severely depressed clients
D.premature termination of therapy
E.agitated anxiety
Informed consent procedures should include all but which of the following?
a. costs
b. a precise definition of every technique that may be used in therapy
c. the length of therapy
d. background of the therapist
e. alternatives to traditional therapy
A common reaction of therapists who realize that they have sexual feelings towards
their clients is to:
A.feel angry at themselves.
B.speak openly about the matter to the client.
C.investigate to see if the client feels the same.
D.feel guilty and fearful of losing control and being criticized.
According to the text, why are available mental health resources underused in some
communities?
a. People may be unaware of their existence.
b. People may feel a social stigma attached to seeking professional help.
c. People may perceive that these resources are not intended for them because the
services are administered in a culturally insensitive way.
d. People may harbor the attitude that they should be able to solve their own problems.
e. All of the above.
Which of the following statements is NOT true as it relates to the issue of
confidentiality?
a. The counselor has a responsibility to explain the degree of confidentiality he or she
can promise.
b. It is seen as ethical to break confidentiality when child abuse is suspected, but it is
not a legal requirement in most states.
c. Confidentiality cannot be considered an absolute.
d. Accepted ethical standards do not clearly define circumstances when confidentiality
should be broken.
e. Confidentiality must be broken in cases where the client is a danger to themselves
and others.
Group workers must remain current and increase their knowledge and skills through
activities such as
A.continuing education
B.supervision
C.participation in various personal and professional development activities
D.All of the choices.
In the authors’ view, non-erotic touching between counselor and client should be:
a. a spontaneous and honest expression of the therapist’s feelings.
b. incongruent with what they feel.
c. a therapeutic technique used to extinguish catharsis.
d. considered unethical.
Counselors ________________________ when they use their skills in helping clients
challenge institutional barriers that impede their personal, social, academic, or career
goals.
a. are overstepping their boundaries
b. function as advocates
c. are widely seen as hypocrites
d. are going above and beyond their role requirements
The authors take the following position in regards to confidentiality in couples and
family therapy:
A.”Hidden agenda” are seen as material that should be brought out into the open during
a family session.
B.Therapists should not divulge in a family session any information given to them in an
individual session.
C.Therapists need to inform clients that any information given during private sessions
will be divulged in accordance with the greatest benefit to the family.
D.Family therapists are exempt from reporting information that could harm the family
system.
Competence in working with couples and families only comes with
a. a graduate course in family systems therapy.
b. fully resolving one’s own family-of-origin issues.
c. years of training and supervision.
d. natural ability to think systemically.
Andy is in a grief group and seems ‘stuck” in his sorrow over the death of his father.
The leader realizes that Andy needs to work on this issue even though the group is
coming to a close. He believes that Andy could best benefit by a technique that will
allow him to openly express his emotions. In this case, the group leader should make an
ethical decision to:
a. introduce the technique even though there is no chance to process after group.
b. recognize the potential adverse effects of techniques used to elicit emotions and take
precautions to ensure that there is time to process.
c. persuade Andy to participate in the technique even if he seems reluctant, since it is
essential to express grief openly.
d. both a and c
Which of the following influences the way a clinician carries out his or her professional
role?
A.A clinician’s beliefs
B.A clinician’s personal attributes
C.A clinician’s ways of living
D.All of the choices
E.None of the choices
Most licenses:
a. are generic in nature.
b. specify the types of clients or problems the licensee is competent to work with.
c. specify the techniques a practitioner is competent to use.
d. ensure that practitioners will competently do what their licenses permit them to do.
e. b and c
Miguel has been providing couples counseling to Saundra and Steven for a couple of
years and was recently invited to attend their 20th wedding anniversary party. Attending
this event is an example of
A.a boundary violation
B.a potentially beneficial non-professional interaction
C.an unprofessional interaction
D.lapse of judgment