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1) compare and contrast the structural and functional differences between single-unit
and multi-unit smooth muscle fibers, particularly in regard to their ability to vary their
force of contraction.
2) give a brief synopsis of cns control of movement.
3) a person who goes from sea level to a city that is 5000 feet above sea level will show
an increased hematocrit within 2 to 3 days. draw the reflex pathway that links the
hypoxia of high altitude to increased red blood cell production.
4) draw and label a spirogram showing respiratory activity in a resting person. draw and
label a spirogram in this same person during exercise.
5) a certain drug is known to block monovalent cation channels. this drug is used as a
"muscle relaxer." would it affect both smooth and skeletal muscles or only skeletal
muscles? defend your answer.
6) what are short reflexes? what types of behaviors do they regulate? what are long
reflexes? give examples of each.
7) there are three divisions of the brain. make a table and place each of the six regions
of the brain in one of the three divisions.
8) "glucose, glucose, every where, nor any speck to utilize" is a phrase made up by one
of the authors working on this test question. similar to the irony of not being able to
prevent dehydration by drinking seawater, people with untreated diabetes mellitus are
unable to prevent starvation despite the large amount of glucose surrounding their cells;
as if that isn't bad enough, dehydration is also a problem. explain why there is glucose
in the urine of such people, why glucose is not present in the urine of normal people,
and why diabetics become dehydrated.
