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The first phase in observational learning defined as paying attention to a model is:
a) attention phase.
b) retention phase.
c) motivational phase.
d) reproduction.
Ms. LeBeau is planning to have a whole-class discussion on the effects of television
violence on children. Before beginning the discussion, what should Ms. LeBeau do?
a) Ms. LeBeau should question students about their understanding of the effects of
television violence on children.
b) Ms. LeBeau should take a position on this issue in order to set the tone for the
discussion.
c) Ms. LeBeau should give students the opportunity to choose members of their groups.
d) Ms. LeBeau should list the students to be called upon.
Mr. Parikh is giving quizzes on current events. A quiz has five questions about what's
been in the news. Carly got 100% on one quiz (0 wrong) and 60% on the next quiz (2
wrong). Performance seems to be inconsistent throughout the class. What would help
most to improve the reliability of these quizzes?
a) rephrasing the questions
b) increasing the number of questions
c) comparing the content of questions to what was discussed in class
d) use computer administration
Martin gets A's (95"100) on all of the writing assignments that he does, but he has
skipped half of the writing assignments. In discussing his grades with a friend, he says
"I must have a C in writing, because I have A's on half the assignments, and F's on the
other half." But Martin is worse off than he thinks. He actually has an F in writing. His
grade is F because:
a) the teacher was using absolute grading standards.
b) the teacher used a system of scoring that is unreliable.
c) the teacher assigned a zero for every missing assignment.
d) each student's highest and lowest score were dropped.
According to Erikson, a psychosocial crisis is:
a) a crisis of faith.
b) a set of critical issues that individuals must address as they pass through life stages.
c) a crisis brought on by adolescent changes in hormones.
d) an imaginary set of problems created by media exposure.
Studies of truancy among delinquents have shown that:
a) truancy and delinquency are strongly related.
b) attendance prizes have little impact on decreasing truancy.
c) once truancy becomes habitual there is little that will impact it.
d) behavioral consequences for excessive absences have been successful at increasing
school attendance.
Who is the primary cultural agent guiding instruction in assisted (or mediated)
learning?
a) A student
b) The teacher
c) An author
d) An outside resource person (e.g., librarian)
Instruction adapted to the current developmental stage of the child is called:
a) Developmentally appropriate
b) Developmentally accelerated
c) Diagnostically aligned
d) Adaptive curriculum
Failing to make decisions about which study material is most relevant to the issues at
hand is one example of the disadvantages of which of the following study strategies?
a) Practice tests
b) Note-taking
c) Underlining
d) Summarizing
Studies of the Direct Instruction (DI) program have shown that it is:
a) successful in raising math scores for females and reading scores for males.
b) somewhat damaging for lower-ability students' self-esteem.
c) successful in teaching problem-solving strategies and in raising IQ scores.
d) effective in increasing long-term success of students at risk for low achievement.
The inability to develop a clear direction or sense of self is referred to as:
a) identity diffusion.
b) reflectivity.
c) reactivity.
d) depression.
Mr. Dudley is teaching a prerequisite skill for developing a business model. After
students have been oriented to the lesson, Mr. Dudley's next major task is to:
a) provide wait time so that the class can get focused.
b) tell a personal business experience.
c) check whether students have mastered prerequisite skills.
d) tell students that they will be tested on the material at a later time so they can prepare
themselves accordingly.
The most important limitation of Kohlberg's theory is that it:
a) deals only with actual behavior rather than perceived behavior.
b) deals with moral reasoning rather than actual behavior.
c) focuses on moral development but not moral reasoning.
d) addresses only individual rights.
Research suggests that the new three R's ought to be defined by which of the following
traits?
a) Responsibility
b) Revenue
c) Rationale
d) Replacement
Which of the following is an example of self-regulated learning?
a) Assign a complex task with a form for progress monitoring.
b) Assign a complex task that is assessed upon completion.
c) Assign a short task with peer tutoring.
d) Assign a short task that is assessed upon completion.
Which of the following is true about using portfolios for evaluation?
a) Authentic testing advocates criticize their use.
b) Each item selected should address only one objective.
c) Student journals should not be included as selected items.
d) Students should have input in determining what will be included.
Research on feedback would support the practice of:
a) giving feedback that leads students to make external attributions as they try to
understand
their success or failure.
b) delaying feedback by a few days after an activity is completed.
c) writing only positive comments on returned reports or tests.
d) giving many brief quizzes rather than a few long tests.
What type of reinforcer is a gold star that a student receives as a
reward for completing her homework?
a) intrinsic
b) extrinsic
c) negative
d) primary
Carson, who is struggling in math, has missed nine days of school this semester. The
relation between his math skill and his absences show which type of correlation?
a) Positive correlation
b) Negative correlation
c) Divergent correlation
d) Achievement correlation
The number of minutes actually spent on learning is defined as:
a) allocated time.
b) lost time.
c) time on task.
d) planned time.
What innovation does computer-adaptive testing offer?
a) Reliability coefficients are computed at the completion of each test.
b) Ability to tailor the selection of items to performance of student.
c) Authentic assessments of student portfolios.
d) Adaptive measures of innovation in learning.
According to the text, what is the impact of desegregation when students from
under-represented groups are sent early in life to high quality schools attended by
middle-class students?
a) As a result of the students (from under-represented groups) receiving better
educational opportunities, a significant positive effect was observed.
b) There is none; the effectiveness remains unchanged.
c) As a result of the students (from under-represented groups) having contact with
middle-class students, a significant positive effect was observed.
d) As a result of the students (from under-represented groups) having to compete with
middle-class students, a negative effect of desegregation was observed.
Which strategy does calling on students at random exemplify?
a) withitness
b) transition management
c) maintaining momentum
d) group alerting
Which of the following statements of how to use extrinsic rewards is supported by our
text?
a) Use them on most tasks, regardless of their intrinsic interest.
b) Use primary, not secondary, extrinsic reinforcers.
c) Do not use them in classroom situations.
d) Use them mainly for subjects that have low intrinsic interest.
Socioeconomic Status (SES) is most often measured as:
a) Income level and social class
b) Social class
c) Occupation
d) A combination of the individual's income and years of education
Which of the following learning tasks and memory strategies make an appropriate
match?
a) Paired-associate and loci method
b) Free-recall and pegword method
c) Serial and pegword method
d) Free recall and keyword method
Transitivity involves the ability to:
a) Move bilaterally
b) Arrange objects in sequence
c) Change direction
d) Infer relationships
A whole-class discussion differs from the traditional lesson in that the teacher:
a) plays a more enhanced role.
b) plays a less dominant role.
c) is responsible for the direction of the discussion.
d) leads the question and answer period
Binet's work advanced the science of intelligence assessment, but it also began to
establish the idea that
a) there were smart people who could be expected to do well in a broad range of
learning situations.
b) there were smart people who could be expected to do well in a narrow range of
learning situations.
c) intelligence could be improved with motivation.
d) there were multiple intelligences.
A student is withdrawn and immature. In general, the most appropriate treatment
approach to use is:
a) suspension from school.
b) group contingencies.
c) teaching of social skills.
d) drug therapy.
Mr. Overby is initiating reciprocal teaching with a group of six students of high,
average, and low ability. Who should be the teacher for the first segment of learning?
a) Mr. Overby
b) a student of low ability
c) a student of high ability
d) a student of average ability
