Solution-focused brief therapy is grounded on the optimistic assumption that people are
healthy and competent and have the ability to construct solutions that can enhance their
lives.
a. True
b. False
A limitation of reality therapy is that it:
a. consists of simple concepts that are easily grasped.
b. discounts the therapeutic value of dreams.
c. does not appeal to resistant clients.
d. has limited applicability.
Which of the following approaches to therapy most attempts to provide a
growth-promoting climate that is conducive to a client’s selfexploration?
a. Psychoanalytic therapy
b. Gestalt therapy
c. Reality therapy
d. Person-centered therapy
Clients are expected to focus on their feelings and attitudes, and then their behavior will
change.
a. True
b. False
Beck’s cognitive therapy involves all of the concepts below except:
a. negative cognitive triad.
b. generic cognitive model.
c. collaborative empiricism.
d. lifestyle assessment.
_________was the first to recognize that male development was presented as the norm
and that development of women, though different, was judged by male norms.
a. Gilligan
b. Miller
c. Evans
d. Brown
The process of differentiation occurs in most cultures, but it takes on a different shape
due to cultural norms.
a. True
b. False
The basic aim of psychoanalytic therapy is to:
a. treat specific learning disorders.
b. change overt behavior.
c. correct irrational thinking.
d. make the unconscious motives conscious.
An Adlerian therapist asks for the client’s earliest recollections in order to:
a. provide a point of departure for the therapeutic venture.
b. reveal their past and reintroduce the client to the pain and heartbreak of their basic
mistakes.
c. give clues as to the best way to steer the client to develop in a more positive way.
d. gain a better understanding of what memories to not process during therapy.
Adlerians view the use of techniques in counseling as:
a. geared to the phase of therapy and the needs of the client.
b. more important than paying attention to the subjective experiences of the client.
c. against their basic philosophy.
d. unethical.
Techniques used in mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy include all but:
a. yoga.
b. flooding.
c. body scan meditation.
d. formal and informal meditation.
An assumption of personcentered therapy is that the counselor’s presence is far more
powerful than techniques he or she uses to facilitate change.
a. True
b. False
Evidence-based practices:
a. are the integration of the best available research with clinical expertise in the context
of patient characteristics, culture, and preferences.
b. are tailored to only focus on the relationship between the client and therapist without
addressing specific problems and symptoms.
c. tend to focus on therapist created techniques that do not have empirical evidence to
support their efficacy.
d. are generally not time limited.
Which of these statements is nottrue about Alfred Adler?
a. Along with Freud and Jung, Alfred Adler was a major contributor to the initial
development of the psychodynamic approach to therapy.
b. After resigning as president of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society, Adler founded the
Society for Individual Psychology.
c. Alfred Adler has been criticized by intellectuals for failing to give his brother
Edmund due credit for helping him develop his theory.
d. Adler stresses the unity of personality, contending that people can only be understood
as integrated and complete beings.
The personcentered approach’s view of human nature:
a. views people as basically competitive.
b. states that humans are driven by irrational forces.
c. emphasizes clients’ abilities to engage their own resources to act in their world with
others.
d. assumes that, while humans have the potential for growth, we tend to remain
stagnant.
One narrative technique for consolidating the gains a client makes involves a therapist
writing letters to the person.This is:
a. externalization and deconstruction.
b. search for unique outcomes.
c. alternative stories and reauthoring.
d. documenting the evidence.
The counselor engages in _________only when it is judged to be therapeutically
helpful to the client.
a. empathic connection
b. conversation
c. listening
d. selfdisclosure
An experiential approach is Gestalt therapy, which offers a range of experiments to help
clients gain awareness of what they are experiencing in the here and now.
a. True
b. False
All of the following are true as they apply to self-instructional training, exceptthat:
a. it was developed by Meichenbaum.
b. it is a form of cognitive restructuring.
c. it is an outgrowth of an approach used widely by crisis intervention workers called
self-induced change therapy.
d. it is also known as cognitive behavior modification.
Which of the following is nottrue about Fritz Perls?
a. He was the main originator and developer of Gestalt therapy.
b. During his childhood, he was a model student.
c. He was influenced by psychoanalytic concepts.
d. He took issue with Freud’s theory on a number of grounds.
Which of the following is true about “technical eclecticism” in multimodal therapy?
a. Therapists borrow techniques exclusively from the social learning model.
b. Therapists use techniques from a variety of theories to a wide range of problems.
c. The client is fit into a predetermined treatment.
d. It is considered confusing to the client.
Reality therapy cautions against the therapist mentoring the client.
a. True
b. False
According to existentialists, our search for meaning involves all of these except:
a. discarding old values.
b. meaninglessness.
c. creating our own value system.
d. exploring unfinished business.
Regarding psychotherapy treatment outcome, research suggests all of the following
except:
a. the therapist as a person is an integral part of successful treatment.
b. the therapeutic relationship is an essential component of effective treatment.
c. both the therapy methods used and the therapy relationship influence the outcomes of
treatment.
d. therapy techniques are the key component of successful treatment.
Because ego and consciousness are not the same, the slogan for psychoanalysis has
shifted from “making the unconscious conscious” to:
a. “making the ego conscious.”
b. “where there was id, let there be ego.”
c. “get rid of the id, kid!”
d. “may the force be within you.”
Free association and dream analysis are a typical part of the personcentered therapist’s
procedures.
a. True
b. False
Which anxiety reduction technique involves creating a hierarchy of the client’s fearful
experiences?
a. Assertive training
b. Operant conditioning
c. Systematic desensitization
d. Social reinforcement
Essential components of effective multicultural counseling include all of the following
except:
a. counselors avoid becoming involved in out-of-office interventions.
b. counselors feel comfortable with their clients’ values and beliefs.
c. counselors are aware of how their own biases could affect ethnic minority clients.
d. counselors employ institutional intervention skills on behalf of their clients when
necessary or appropriate.
Existentialists contend that the experience of relatedness to other human beings:
a. is a neurotically dependent attachment.
b. should be based on our needs and theirs.
c. is healthy when we are able to stand alone and tap into our own strength.
d. is not necessary, since we are basically alone.
All social constructionist theories emphasize listening to clients without judgment or
blame, affirming and valuing them.
a. True
b. False
The first step in making an ethical decision is to:
a. look at the relevant ethics codes.
b. identify the problem.
c. consider the applicable laws and regulations.
d. seek consultation.
Feminist group work uses a structured approach and focuses on the use of techniques.
a. True
b. False