1) which is/are the most common inhibitory neurotransmitter(s) of the cns?
a) gaba only
b) glycine only
c) glutamate only
d) gaba and glycine
e) all of the answers are correct.
2) a horse runs 10 races, each a mile long, during a 6-month period, and you are
interested in determining if the horse’s race time changes with experience. you set up a
graph to display the race finish times of this horse.
what type of graph would be best to display the race finish times of this horse?
a) bar graph
b) line graph
c) scatter plot
3) chondrocyte
a. cartilage
b. destroys bone matrix
c. loose connective tissue
d. fat
e. maintains bone matrix
4) you are walking to class, pondering the intricacies of physiology, when you trip over
an uneven place in the sidewalk, and fall. unhurt but embarrassed and angry, you jump
up and glance around to see if anyone is watching. from your knowledge of
neuroanatomy and function, explain how the following areas of the brain might be
involved in this scenario:
a. cerebrum
b. cerebellum
c. limbic system
5) the resting membrane potential in a typical nerve cell is approximately
a) +70 mv.
b) -70 mv.
c) +35 mv.
d) -35 mv.
e) 0 mv.
6) match the following structures with the appropriate description.
a. appendix
b. colon
c. duodenum
d. ileum
e. jejunum
location of most peptic ulcers
7) down-regulation may allow a target cell to
a) only increase its number of receptors for a ligand.
b) only decrease its number of receptors for a ligand.
c) only increase its binding affinity for a ligand.
d) decrease the receptors’ binding affinity and increase its number of receptors.
8) calcium reabsorption at the kidneys is promoted by the hormone
a) calcitonin.
b) calcitriol.
c) aldosterone.
d) cortisol.
e) adh.
9) in the digestive system, hcl is released by ________, whereas hco3- is secreted
primarily from the ________.
a) parietal cells of the stomach, pancreas
b) the pancreas, parietal cells of the stomach
c) parietal cells of the stomach, liver
d) the liver, parietal cells of the stomach
10) an enzyme that transfers chemical groups among substrates is a
a) hydrolase.
b) lipase.
c) transferase.
d) ligase.
e) kinase.
11) according to the rules of complementary base pairing, a nucleotide containing the
base cytosine would only pair with a nucleotide containing the base
a) thymine.
b) adenine.
c) uracil.
d) cytosine.
e) guanine.
12) ________ have been found to be the precursor cells of macrophages.
a) eosinophils
b) basophils
c) neutrophils
d) monocytes
e) lymphocytes
13) a person with type a blood has
a) a antibodies on his red blood cells.
b) a antibodies in his plasma.
c) b antibodies on his red blood cells.
d) b antibodies in his plasma.
e) the ability to receive ab blood cells.
14) the most accurate definition of artery is a vessel that
a) carries highly oxygenated blood.
b) contains smooth muscle in its wall.
c) transports blood away from the heart.
d) transports blood toward the heart.
e) contains internal valves.
15) the five functional types of epithelia are listed below. match each type with its
location and/or description.
a. exchange
b. transport
c. ciliated
d. protective
e. secretory
these cells produce a substance and release it, either onto a surface or directly into the
blood.
16) which is typically more important in regulating the respiratory system, po2 or pco2?
explain your answer and briefly discuss the receptors involved. give examples of
situations in which each of those factors changes enough to stimulate a reflex. how and
why are these factors related to each other?
17) while every level of a protein’s structure is important to the function of that protein,
which level of structure is most important to the function of enzymes, and why?
18) briefly explain the gross organization of the nervous system in either paragraph
form or using a concept map. be sure to discuss the central, peripheral, and enteric
nervous system and the divisions and branches discussed in the text.
19) summarize the four gas laws.
20) a newborn infant is found dead, abandoned by the road. among the many questions
that the police would like to have answers to is whether the infant was born dead or
alive. after an autopsy, the medical examiner tells them that the infant was dead at birth.
how could the medical examiner determine this?
21) high protein (low carbohydrate) diets have become popular in recent years. based
on what you’ve learned about metabolism and the body’s energy needs, explain what
might be some of the disadvantages of this type of diet.
22) what are the three levels of nervous system that control movement? briefly describe
their roles.
23) vern, suffering from cardiac arrhythmias, is brought into the emergency room of a
hospital. he begins to exhibit tachycardia and as a result loses consciousness. his
anxious wife asks you why he has lost consciousness. what would you tell her?
24) a change in the conditions in the axon terminal can cause a change in the
environment of the cell body as a result of ________.
25) in an effort to impress her physiology instructor, your roommate did an internet
search on cortisol. in her exuberance, she failed to read the book chapter, the instructor
has not yet lectured on this chapter, and frankly she knows next to nothing about this
hormone. she discovers such seemingly unrelated therapeutic effects as treatment for
bee stings and rejection of transplanted organs. you, however, completed your
physiology course last semester, and she turns to you for enlightenment. what can you
tell her about some other therapeutic uses for cortisol, and what functional connections
do these illustrate? what are some of the negative side effects?