1) vygotsky thought of play as
a. useless
b. involving rules
c. totally impulsive
d. totally free
2) microgenesis means
a.the micro-analysis of development in diverse areas
b.the same principles apply to microorganisms as to higher species
c.each thought or perception undergoes development
d.small, discrete behavior generates into broader forms
3) when our previously learned responses are more likely to occur after watching the
consequences that follow others behavior, the process is called
a.symbolic reinforcement
b.disinhibition
c.vicarious facilitation
d.vicariously enhanced performance
4) (a) what do ethologists such as lorenz mean by imprinting on a parent-figure? (b)
what observations led bowlby to suggest that imprinting occurs in human infants? that
is, what parallels between human infants and other species did he point to?
5) ainsworth describes insecure-avoidant children as
a.avoiding new situations whenever possible
b.avoiding strangers at all costs, but clinging to the mother
c.consistently independent in both the home and the strange
situation
d.reacting defensively to the threat of maternal unresponsiveness
6) ainsworth
a. is credited with the concept of using the parent as a base of support (p. 60)
b. considered bowlby to be too preoccupied with evolutionary theory
c. could be criticized for basing all her ideas on white, middle class families
d. all of the above
7) which phrase below does not describe mahlers normal autism?
a. inner focus
b. stimulus barrier
c. hyper alert
d. still achieving physiological balance
8) kohlberg said each stage in his theory
a. is more cognitively adequate than the preceding stage
b. is not more adequate, but simply a different way of thinking
c. is not more adequate, but more differentiated and hierarchically
integrated
d. is not more adequate, but simply associated with age
9) montessori agreed with rousseau that
a. development is governed by an inner force
b. children think differently from adults
c. both a. and b. above
d. neither a. nor b.
10) freud would suggest that a young mans anxiety over competition probably reflects
earlier problems at
a.the first stage
b.the second stage
c.the third stage
d.the fourth stage
11) darwin
a.showed little promise as a child
b.was fascinated by wildlife
c.waited many years before publishing his famous work
d.all of the above
12) five-year-olds seem to talk to themselves aloud more often as their work becomes
increasingly difficult. this finding supports
a. piaget
b. vygotsky
c. both piaget and vygotsky
d. neither piaget nor vygotsky
13) chomsky says children do not break up
a. noun phrases
b. single words
c. verbs and their auxiliaries
d. all of the above
14) according to the text, research suggests childhood amnesia
a. really exists
b. isnt well documented
c. is valid prior to the age of 2 years
d. is still just a tentative hypothesis