1) draw three graphs depicting how the following change during normal inspiration and
expiration:
a. alveolar pressure
b. intrapleural pressure
c. volume of air moved
2) graded potentials may
a) initiate an action potential.
b) depolarize the membrane to the threshold voltage.
c) hyperpolarize the membrane.
d) be called epsps or ipsps.
e) all of the statements are true.
3) which of the following statements concerning the hormone atrial natriuretic peptide
is false?
a) atrial natriuretic peptide is produced by cells in the heart.
b) atrial natriuretic peptide promotes sodium loss at the kidneys.
c) atrial natriuretic peptide reduces the sensation of thirst.
d) atrial natriuretic peptide suppresses adh secretion.
e) atrial natriuretic peptide increases aldosterone secretion.
4) the cell membrane acts as a good
a) electrical insulator.
b) electrical conductor.
c) electrical gradient.
d) source of ions.
5) the five functional types of epithelia are listed below. match each type with its
location and/or description.
a. exchange
b. transport
c. ciliated
d. protective
e. secretory
found in the epidermis, esophagus, and mouth, these stacked layers of cells prevent
exchange, while they resist chemicals, bacteria, and other destructive forces.
6) when a skeletal muscle cell contracts and the muscle shortens,
a) myosin heads generate a single power stroke.
b) the position of an actin molecule relative to a myosin molecule does not change.
c) some myosin heads are forming crossbridges as others are releasing them.
d) the actin atpase allows the actin molecule to swivel.
e) the actin molecule swivels during the power stroke.
7) a change in smooth muscle cell tension in the absence of a change in electrical
potential of the cells is described as a
a) pacemaker potential.
b) slow wave potential.
c) pharmacomechanical coupling.
d) electromechanical coupling.
8) when an enzyme’s activity is destroyed by heat or a change in ph, the enzyme is said
to be
a) broken.
b) toxic.
c) conjugated.
d) tertiary.
e) denatured.
9) cations will ________ each other.
a) attract
b) repel
c) not react with
10) the corpus luteum in a nonpregnant woman usually lasts about
a) 7 days.
b) 12 days.
c) 3 days.
d) 28 days.
e) 3 months.
11)
following is a table of data collected from one section of an 8 a.m. physiology lab. there
were 20 students present, 10 men and 10 women. information collected from the
students included their height, weight, age, and resting pulse rate. in addition, the
students were surveyed to see if they smoked cigarettes, considered themselves “regular
exercisers,” if they had consumed caffeine the morning of the lab, and if they had eaten
breakfast that day. a “y” or “n” (yes or no) was recorded to indicate their answers. each
student did “jumping jacks” for 5 minutes and recorded the time required to regain their
resting heart rate, which is listed on the table as “recovery time.” finally, each student
participated in an exercise designed to measure their reaction time (in milliseconds) in
catching an object dropped by a lab partner according to specified criteria. use this table
to answer the following questions. ignore statistical problems caused by small sample
size, and so on.
table 1.3
refer to table 1.3 and the bar graph.
a. write a hypothesis regarding the effects of breakfast consumption on reaction time.
b. what is the dependent variable? what is the independent variable?
12) explain the roles and interactions of each of the following in immunity: b
lymphocytes, antibodies, immunoglobulins, t lymphocytes, mhc, hla.
13) explain and distinguish between the following:
a. chemical reaction equilibrium
b. chemical equilibrium
c. osmotic equilibrium
14) the liver and skeletal muscles store glucose as ________ for a ready energy source.
a) lipids
b) glucose
c) glycogen
d) urea
e) ketone bodies
15) a zygote with the genotype xo will
a) develop into a female.
b) have turner’s syndrome.
c) develop into a male.
d) die.
e) develop into a female and have turner’s syndrome.
16) match the response to the description.
a. increase
b. decrease
c. no change
arterial po2 during exercise compared to rest
17) what effect would a decrease in ph have on the amount of potassium ion in the
urine?
a) an increase in the amount of potassium in the urine
b) a decrease in the amount of potassium in the urine
c) no effect on the amount of potassium in the urine
18) red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone
a) thymosin.
b) angiotensin i.
c) erythropoietin.
d) m-csf.
e) cobalamin.
19) the cellular organelle(s) responsible for packaging and transporting proteins is/are
the
a) microtubules.
b) mitochondria.
c) rough endoplasmic reticulum.
d) ribosomes.
e) golgi complex.
20) when blood glucose levels rise, as in the “fed” state,
a) only insulin is released.
b) only glucagon is released.
c) only peripheral cells take up less glucose.
d) only protein synthesis decreases.
e) all of these answers are correct.
21) why does insulin deficiency lead to metabolic acidosis?
22) cancer is not one disease but a group of related diseases, caused by abnormal genes,
environmental factors, and/or viral infections. describe the basic common
characteristics of cancers, including the role of anchoring junctions and proteases. what
is a tumor? what is metastasis? is cancer usually considered to be contagious? explain.
23) the heart is encased in a tough membranous sac called the ________. the heart is
composed mostly of ________ muscle tissue, called the ________.
24) distinguish between the following terms: cotransport; antiport; symport.
25) the volume of air that can be forcefully expelled from the lungs following a normal
exhalation is called the ________.
26) define and distinguish between necrosis and apoptosis, and give specific examples
of each.