1) match the lung disease to its description.
a. fibrotic lung disease
b. emphysema
c. asthma
d. pulmonary edema
increased airway resistance
2) match the part of the neuron to its description (answers may be used more than
once).
a. dendrites
b. axon
c. cell body
receive(s) most of the incoming synapses
3) when the plasma concentration of a substance exceeds its renal concentration, more
of the substance will be
a) filtered.
b) reabsorbed.
c) secreted.
d) excreted.
e) none of the answers are correct.
4) applies to proteins containing more than one peptide chain
a. primary
b. secondary
c. tertiary
d. quaternary
5) immunoglobulins that are mainly responsible for resistance against viruses, bacteria,
and bacterial toxins are
a) iga.
b) igd.
c) ige.
d) igg.
e) igm.
6) put these myofibers in the order they would be recruited as the body moves from a
weak to a strong stimulus:
1> glycolytic fast-twitch fibers
2> fatigue-resistant oxidative fast-twitch fibers
3> fatigue-resistant slow-twitch fibers
a) 1, 2, 3
b) 2, 3, 1
c) 3, 2, 1
d) 1, 3, 2
e) 3, 1, 2
7) the primary problem in hyperkalemia is
a) that neurons are harder to excite because their resting potential is hyperpolarized.
b) that neurons are hyperexcitable because their resting potential is closer to threshold.
c) that neurons respond too quickly to smaller graded potentials.
d) neurons are harder to excite because their resting potential is hyperpolarized and
neurons respond too quickly to smaller graded potentials.
e) neurons are hyperexcitable because their resting potential is closer to threshold and
neurons respond too quickly to smaller graded potentials.
8) which of the following is not true of diffusion in the human body?
a) diffusion occurs faster at higher temperatures.
b) smaller molecules take longer to diffuse than larger ones.
c) net movement of molecules occurs until the osmolarity is equal.
d) diffusion is rapid over short distances and slower over longer distances.
9) match the following terms to the correct answer:
a. tricuspid valve
b. bicuspid valve
c. aortic valve
d. pulmonary valve
also called the mitral valve
10) which of the following cells involved in processing visual information in the retina
synapse with the rods?
a) horizontal cells only
b) ganglion cells only
c) bipolar cells only
d) horizontal and bipolar cells only
e) horizontal, ganglion, and bipolar
11) leslie has a bad sore throat and the lymph nodes in her neck are swollen. this
indicates
a) the focus of the infection is the lymph nodes.
b) lymph is not flowing through these lymph nodes.
c) the affected lymph nodes contain an increased number of lymphocytes.
d) the lymph gland has increased its secretion of thymosin.
12) sperm cannot fertilize an egg unless they have been in the female reproductive tract
for several hours. this enhanced ability of the sperm to fertilize the ovum is called
capacitation. in vitro studies indicate that the sperm can fertilize the ovum if they are
first washed before being introduced to the ovum. these observations suggest that
a) capacitation involves the removal of some inhibiting substance(s) from the sperm.
b) capacitation is temperature-dependent.
c) in capacitation, secretions of the female reproductive tract are taken up by the sperm.
d) ph is an important factor in the process of capacitation.
e) only sperm that come into contact with vaginal secretions are capable of fertilizing
an ovum.
13) class ii mhc molecules are found
a) on all cells with a nucleus.
b) only on red blood cells.
c) only on granulocytes and macrophages.
d) only on lymphocytes and macrophages.
e) only on liver cells and macrophages in the spleen.
14) which of the following statements about hydrostatic pressure is not true?
a) if a fluid is not moving, the pressure that it exerts is called hydrostatic pressure.
b) force is not equal in all directions.
c) the lateral pressure component of moving fluid represents the hydrostatic pressure.
d) hydrostatic pressure does not include the dynamic component of a moving fluid.
e) all of the statements are true.
15) the chorionic villi
a) form the umbilical cord.
b) form the umbilical vein.
c) form the umbilical arteries.
d) increase the surface area available for exchange between the placenta and the
maternal blood.
e) form the portion of the placenta called the decidua capsularis.
16) what is the result of alternative splicing of mrna?
a) a new gene is produced.
b) the dna is replicated.
c) isoenzymes are produced from a single gene.
d) genes are mutated.
e) proteins isomerize.
17) the process of filtration in the kidney is most accurately described as
a) highly specific.
b) completely nonspecific.
c) relatively nonspecific.
18) make a map of the following terms:
amino acid
chief cell
d cell
ecl cell
enteric sensory neuron
enteric plexus
g cell
gastrin
h+
histamine
parietal cell
pepsin
pepsinogen
somatostatin
vagus nerve
where appropriate, indicate stimulatory or inhibitory effect. terms may be added as
needed.
19) list the three types of hormone interactions and provide an example of each.
20) an industrious 10-year-old swimmer has attached an extension to his snorkel tube,
so that he can sit on the bottom of the ocean for a longer period of time, watching the
fish of the coral reef. what problems would you expect him to have? assuming he is
successful in breathing this way for a little while, what are some of the differences he
will experience compared to normal breathing?
21) explain how cortisol suppresses the immune system, and why this is sometimes a
useful therapy. what are some negative side effects of cortisol therapy? why do doctors
prescribe cortisol in doses that taper off at the end of the therapy period? why do
doctors sometimes prefer to prescribe nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs?
22) compare and contrast cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle.
23) ________ is intestinal gas produced by bacteria in the colon during the metabolism
of undigestible carbohydrates.
24) you are a student intern in the research and development department of a
pharmaceutical company. you have discovered a compound that destroys the common
cold virus in cultured human cells. chemical characterization reveals that carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen are present, in a 20:40:4 ratio of c:h:o. what chemical class is
this compound? experiments in rats show that neither oral nor injectable treatment with
the compound was effective in destroying the virus. discuss some possible reasons for
this lack of effectiveness.
25) a chronotropic agent is one that affects the heart rate. compare and contrast this
term with an inotropic agent. give specific examples of each.
26) ________ ganglion cells transmit information about texture, while ________
ganglion cells transmit information about movement.
27) paracrine feedback from the ________ in the distal tubule to the granular cells
stimulates release of ________.