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FSH is necessary for spermiogenesis to occur.
Primary cilia may serve sensory functions such as vision.
Isoenzymes bind different substrates and catalyze different chemical reactions.
Prolactin injections may be used to induce labor.
The rate of diffusion increases as the concentration gradient increases.
Type I alveolar cells secrete pulmonary surfactant.
Destruction of the alpha cells of the pancreas would decrease glucagon secretion.
The renal plasma clearance of a substance that is filtered and reabsorbed must be less
than the GFR.
The posterior pituitary gland produces two hormones.
Postsynaptic inhibition is caused by neurotransmitters that produce hyperpolarization.
Flexors increase the angle at a joint.
Breathing 100% oxygen will increase the total oxygen content of whole blood by 5
times.
Sympathetic stimulation of an organ ALWAYS opposes the effects of parasympathetic
stimulation.
Prior to entering the citric acidcycle, amino acids must be reductively deaminated.
Neurotransmitter release in the autonomic nervous system is always inhibitory.
Bile is derived from cholesterol.
Sympathetic nerve fibers can cause the release of HCl from parietal cells.
Myopia is corrected with concave lenses.
The Leydig cells of the testes constitute a blood-testis barrier that prevents autoimmune
destruction of the sperm.
The proximal tubule and loop of Henle are subject to hormonal regulation of sodium
and water.
The term homeostasis was coined by Walter Cannon to describe the constancy of the
milieu interieur.
Higher brain centers can influence pituitary secretions and therefore the target organ
through the pituitary-target organ axis.
The characteristic symptoms of local inflammation include redness, warmth, swelling,
pain, and pus.
Inhibiting carbonic anhydrase in erythrocytes would cause a decrease in the pH of
arterial blood.
Activation of intrafusal fibers by alpha motoneurons creates muscle tone.
Barr bodies are normally only found in the cells of female mammals.
A positive Babinski sign in adults indicates damage to the pyramidal motor tracts.
The Cori cycle involves formation of glucose made by gluconeogenesis in the liver
from lactic acid produced by fermentation in skeletal muscles.
Only L-stereoisomers are absorbed by the digestive tract and used to synthesize organic
molecules.
Fevers increase neutrophil activity and interferon production.
Precursor mRNA is larger than the mRNA it forms.
Osmoreceptors are involved in the regulation of blood volume.
Chemicals stored in cells are called kinesins.
Increasing the partial pressure of a gas increases the amount of that gas which will
dissolve in a fluid.
Mechanisms that affect cardiac rate are said to have a chronotropic effect.
Somatic motor neurons innervate involuntary effectors.
The body cells that contain plasma membranes with highest cholesterol content are the
muscle cells.
Compared to norepinephrine, epinephrine has one less methyl group.
What is the main force that causes fluids to enter the venous end of a capillary?
A.hydrostatic pressure in the capillary
B.hydrostatic force in the interstitial fluid
C.colloid osmotic pressure in the capillary (blood plasma)
D.colloid osmotic pressure in the interstitial fluid
Acute itch is produced by _______ binding to its receptors.
A.capsaicin
B.menthol
C.histamine
D.glutamate
Keratin and collagen are considered _______ proteins.
A. functional
B. structural
C. fibrous
D. Both structural and fibrous are correct.
Cardiac rates slower than 60 beats per minute indicate tachycardia.
Physiological jaundice of the newborn is due to high levels of
A.free bilirubin.
B.urobilinogen.
C.conjugated bilirubin.
D.None of the choices are correct.
What extracellular ion is necessary for release of neurotransmitter for salty and sour
tastes?
A. Mg2+
B. K+
C. Na+
D. Ca2+
What is the first structure of a reflex arc?
A. effector (muscles or glands)
B. receptor
C. sensory neuron
D. motor neuron
The Na+/K+ pump creates a ____________ charge inside the cell.
A. positive
B. negative
The renal pelvis receives urine from the
A.minor calyces.
B.ureters.
C.renal pyramids.
D.major calyces.
In the absence of light, there is movement of Na+ in the photoreceptors causing a
depolarization. This is called the
A.dark adaptation.
B.visual cycle of retinal.
C.bleaching reaction.
D.dark current.
An individual suffering damage to the basal nuclei resulting in a lack of desire to use a
limb would be suffering from
A.Parkinson's disease.
B.chorea.
C.intention tremor.
D.akinesia.
Botulism toxin prevents release of ACh, causing
A. flaccid paralysis.
B. hemiplegia.
C. spastic paralysis.
D. None apply.
Which part of the uterine wall responds to hormone stimulation as part of female
cycles?
A.stratum functionale of endometrium
B.perimetrium
C.stratum basale of endometrium
D.myometrium
The medulla oblongata controls many autonomic activities through the
A.paravertebral ganglia.
B.vagus nerve.
C.collateral ganglia.
D.splanchnic nerves.
The form of hemoglobin with iron in a reduced state and not bonded to oxygen is
A.oxyhemoglobin.
B.deoxyhemoglobin.
C.methemoglobin.
D.carboxyhemoglobin.
Aspirin inhibits blood clotting by directly preventing
A.thrombin formation.
B.platelet plug formation.
C.fibrin formation.
D.clot retraction.
During the conversion of one pyruvic acid to acetyl coenzyme A, ______________
molecule(s) of carbon dioxide is/are produced.
A.no
B.one
C.two
D.four
Individuals with aphasia
A. often have damage to spinal nerves.
B. may not be able to write if the angular gyrus is damaged.
C. often speak slowly if Wernicke's area is damaged.
D. often form nonsensical sentences if Broca's area is damaged.
__________ is an adipose tissue hormone that stimulates glucose utilization and fatty
acid oxidation in muscle cells thereby producing an insulin-sensitizing, antidiabetic
effect.
A.Leptin
B.Adiponectin
C.TNF alpha
D.Resistin
Excessive protein and fluid in interstitial tissue is called lymphedema.
The ability of IgM antibodies to convert of other types of antibodies is called
A.cloning.
B.antigen-dependent diversification.
C.class switch recombination.
D.somatic hyper mutation.
_________________ is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of a particular
damaging amyloid -peptide that is implicated in inherited forms of early-onset
Alzheimer's disease.
A. -secretase
B. -secretase
C. -secretase
D. -secretase
Keratinized epithelium
A. has living cells in all layers.
B. is a moist membrane.
C. allows water to diffuse through.
D. is a dry, mostly dead membrane.
Zymogens are inactive forms of __________ enzymes.
A.stomach
B.liver
C.pancreatic
D.small intestine
Endergonic reactions cause the amount of entropy in the products to be
A.increased.
B.decreased.
C.unchanged.
What is the average energy expenditure for an active man not engaged in heavy manual
labor?
A.2100 kcal/day
B.2500 kcal/day
C.2900 kcal/day
D.3200 kcal/day
How does the skin protect a person from the ultraviolet rays of the sun?
A.produces sweat
B.produces vitamin D
C.produces sebum
D.produces melanin
Testosterone, not DHT, stimulates embryonic development of
A.seminal vesicles.
B.ductus deferens.
C.ejaculatory duct.
D.All of the choices are correct.
Hydrolysis reactions are catalyzed by
A.dehydrogenases.
B.hydrolases.
C.isomerases.
D.synthases.
Strict vegetarians may be susceptible to
A.pernicious anemia.
B.night blindness.
C.pellagra.
D.scurvy.
Which of the following can undergo metabolic conversion to acetyl CoA and enter the
citric acidcycle?
A. glucose
B. fatty acids
C. protein
D. All apply.
Which type of sleep pattern may aid the consolidation of spatial and declarative
memories?
A. REM
B. nonREM
Which reaction represents a dehydration synthesis reaction?
A. Reaction A
B. Reaction B
Which autonomic division is dominant in normal body functions such as digestion?
A. sympathetic
B. parasympathetic
If the urine volume formation is 2 mL/min, the concentration of urea in plasma is 0.3
mg/mL of urea, and the concentration in the urine is 7.8 mg/mL of urea, what is the urea
clearance? (Give answer in proper units)
Which cell combats most bacterial infections?
A.B lymphocyte
B.T lymphocyte
Match the muscle action term to the correct description.
Which autonomic division is dominant in an emergency situation?
A. sympathetic
B. parasympathetic
Match the cutaneous receptor with the sensation it responds to.
Match the antibody to its function.
Match the type of receptor with the stimulus that would activate it.
Which cell combats vitally infected cells, transplants, and cancer cells?
A.B lymphocyte
B.T lymphocyte
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