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1) the i band contains
a) thick filaments only.
b) thin filaments only.
c) myosin only.
d) thick and thin filaments.
2) on a dark night, the rods have a high concentration of
a) opsin.
b) camp.
c) cgmp.
d) kinase.
3) explain how these statements differ, and identify which one(s) is/are correct. explain
what is wrong with each incorrect statement.
a. a chemical reaction is at equilibrium when there is no further change in substrates.
b. a chemical reaction is at equilibrium when the amounts of substrates and product no
longer change.
c. a chemical reaction stops when it reaches equilibrium.
d. a chemical reaction is at equilibrium when the amount of substrate equals the amount
of product.
4) a sample of tissue from an injury shows a large number of basophils. this would
indicate that the tissue was
a) abscessed.
b) inflamed.
c) being rejected.
d) infected by viruses.
e) infected by multicellular parasites.
5) in humans, only ________ cells have flagella.
a) respiratory tract lining
b) intestine lining
c) stomach lining
d) sperm
e) uterine tube lining
6) the resting membrane potential results from
a) uneven distribution of ions across the cell membrane only.
b) differences in membrane permeability to na+ and k+ only.
c) activity of the sodium/potassium pump only.
d) uneven distribution of ions across the cell membrane and differences in membrane
permeability to na+ and k+.
e) none of the answers are correct.
7) cells regulate their level of activity by regulating the amount of proteins present in
the cell at any given time, so an up regulation of enzymes would be expected to
a) increase the level of productivity of chemical reactions that rely on them.
b) decrease the level of productivity of chemical reactions that rely on them.
c) increase the rate of reactions catalyzed by the enzymes.
d) decrease the rate of reactions catalyzed by the enzymes.
e) both decrease the level of productivity of chemical reactions that rely on them and
decrease the rate of reactions catalyzed by the enzymes.
8) match from the following list.
a. a band
b. i band
c. z disk
d. h zone
e. m line
the lightest color bands of the sarcomere, comprised only of thin filaments.
9) chronic pain is
a) only pathological.
b) only treated by analgesic drugs.
c) only the result of short-term changes in the nervous system.
d) pathological and treated by analgesic drugs.
10) the basis of neural integration is
a) addition of postsynaptic potentials overlapping in time and space.
b) command signals from central pattern generators.
c) spontaneous activity in pacemaker neurons.
d) the area under the curve of postsynaptic potentials overlapping in time and space.
11) match the factor with its effect on the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen.
a. increase
b. decrease
increased temperature
12) abnormally slow conduction through the ventricles would change the ________ in
an ecg tracing.
a) p wave
b) t wave
c) qrs complex
d) pr interval
e) rt interval
13) the hormone that is released to enhance the fight-or-flight reaction is
a) thyroid hormone.
b) prolactin.
c) oxytocin.
d) epinephrine.
e) antidiuretic hormone.
14) the term meaning programmed cell death is
a) necrosis.
b) apoptosis.
c) oncogenesis.
d) diuresis.
e) cytocide.
15) epithelial cells that are adapted for membrane transport of materials, such as ions
and nutrients, usually have ________ on their apical surface.
a) mitochondria
b) cilia or flagella
c) microvilli
d) junctional complexes
e) vesicles
16) an increase in plasma potassium levels is properly called
a) hypernatremia.
b) hyperpotassemia.
c) hyperpotasseplasmia.
d) hyperkalemia.
e) hypercalcemia.
17) the inactivation gate
a) quickly opens and closes after depolarization.
b) is coupled to the movement of the activation gate, but is much slower.
c) depends on a change of +100 mv from rest to be signaled to close.
d) depends on a loss of na+ permeability to be triggered.
e) depends on a loss of k+ permeability to be triggered.
18) relative to skeletal muscle, smooth muscle
a) only uses less energy to generate a given amount of force.
b) only can sustain contractile force without fatigue.
c) only uses calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and extracellular space.
d) uses less energy to generate a given amount of force and can sustain contractile force
without fatigue.
e) uses less energy to generate a given amount of force, can sustain contractile force
without fatigue and uses calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and extracellular
space.
19) match the part of the neuron to its description (answers may be used more than
once).
a. dendrites
b. axon
c. cell body
occupy(ies) the least amount of cell volume
20) ________ is the direct transfer of heat energy from one object to another.
21) ________ monitor skin temperature and core body temperature.
22) define tonic control and give a physiological example.
23) list and briefly explain the function of each portion of the male reproductive tract,
in order, from where the sperm cells are first produced to the point where they leave the
male's body.
24) months after the accident, your amputee uncle's phantom limb pain subsides. one
afternoon he is sleeping and you see a fly walk across his upper lip. he wakes up and
tells you he just had the funniest feeling. it was as if someone was touching his missing
index finger. you decide to experiment with your uncle and you blindfold him. as you
touch his cheek he tells you that you are touching his cheek and his missing thumb! as
you move around his face you map out his fingers and forearm on his face. hypothesize
how this could be possible.
25) when the ph rises above 7.45, a state of ________ exists.
26) the growth and maturation of megakaryocytes is regulated by the glycoprotein
________.
27) ________ cells connect photoreceptors to ganglion cells.
28) ________ are unstable molecules that are formed during normal metabolism and
are thought to contribute to aging, disease, and some cancers.
