Measuring the number of dopamine receptors occupied by a radioactive drug in people
with schizophrenia led to the finding that:
a. the dopamine hypothesis is incorrect.
b. dopamine D2 receptor levels were low.
c. excessive dopamine release occupies a greater number of D2 receptors.
d. the primary problem is supersensitive D2 receptors.
Individuals with pure autonomic failure:
a. experience no emotion at all.
b. have diminished intensity of emotion, but still report cognitive aspects of it.
c. die from low blood pressure.
d. lose all output to the muscles.
Interruption of the production of RNA would directly affect which of the following?
a. protein synthesis
b. carbohydrate production
c. sex hormone release
d. production of DNA
Vasopressin raises blood pressure by:
a. causing the blood vessels to dilate.
b. constricting the blood vessels.
c. increasing the blood’s salt concentration.
d. decreasing the blood’s salt concentration.
A long-term depression (LTD) in a neuron is a decreased response at synapses that
occurs when:
a. axons fire rapidly.
b. axons fire slowly.
c. an excitatory synapse and an inhibitory synapse fire together.
d. an axon excites a synaptic receptor distant from its usual site.
Functionally, cranial nerves carry which kind of information?
a. Motor and sensory
b. Motor only
c. Sensory only
d. Sympathetic only
Grazing animals that need to eat for many hours per day get less sleep than carnivores
because:
a. they do not need as much sleep
b. carnivores can satisfy nutritional needs with a single mean.
c. they are not as active
d. they have different circadian rhythms
Radial glia:
a. guide the migration of neurons during embryonic development.
b. synchronize the activity of axons.
c. wrap around the presynaptic terminals of several axons.
d. build the myelin sheaths that surround and insulate certain axons.
What is also known as slow-wave sleep?
a. alpha wave sleep
b. stages 1 and 2
c. stages 3 and 4
d. REM sleep
Aldosterone triggers:
a. conservation of water.
b. an increased preference for salty tastes.
c. excretion of sodium.
d. a decreased preference for salty tastes.
Which is more characteristic of the body’s response to chronic stress than the response
to short-term stress?
a. sympathetic nervous system involvement
b. elevated heart rate
c. a sudden burst of activity (“fight or flight” response)
d. secretions of cortisol
Reflexive changes in heart rate and breathing when you are exercising, for example, are
regulated by which of the following?
a. Thalamus
b. Forebrain
c. Medulla
d. Pons
People with Korsakoff’s syndrome show:
a. better implicit than explicit memory.
b. better explicit than implicit memory.
c. better declarative than procedural memory.
d. memory for the order of events, but not memory for colors of common objects.
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) controls:
a. secretions of the gonads.
b. secretions of the mammary glands.
c. secretions of the thyroid gland.
d. secretions of the adrenal cortex.
If depolarization is less than the cell’s threshold:
a. sodium is prevented from crossing the membrane.
b. potassium is prevented from crossing the membrane.
c. sodium crosses the membrane only slightly more than usual.
d. the cell will still produce an action potential.
When examining the data on sexual orientation of twins and other siblings, what seems
to be the most reasonable conclusion?
a. Genetic factors completely determine sexual orientation.
b. Genetic factors play no role in sexual orientation.
c. Sexual orientation is determined by genetics as well as other factors.
d. Genetic factors determine sexual orientation in men, but do not seem to play a role
for women.
In hemorrhage, cells in the penumbra:
a. lose much of their oxygen.
b. lose much of their glucose.
c. are flooded with excess oxygen.
d. act quickly to strengthen the blood-brain barrier.
What are the two kinds of cells in the nervous system?
a. neurons and glia
b. dendrites and axons
c. ribosomes and lysosomes
d. neurons and axons
In response to infection, leukocytes release proteins called:
a. leptin.
b. cholecystokinin.
c. cytokines.
d. insulin.
Hans Selye’s defined stress in terms of:
a. the duration of troubling events.
b. an increase in worry.
c. the nonspecific response of the body to any demand.
d. the amount of homework to be done.
Which of the following molecules would be able to passively cross the blood-brain
barrier?
a. small, uncharged molecules
b. large, charged molecules
c. glucose
d. amino acids
Once information is sent to the secondary visual cortex, it:
a. has reached its final processing destination.
b. may return to the primary visual cortex.
c. goes mostly to the primary motor cortex.
d. is sent back to the retina.
Dendrites ____.
a. contain the nucleus, ribosomes, and other structures found in most cells
b. are branching fibers that get narrower near their ends
c. is a thin fiber of constant diameter
d. are an insulating material that cover an axon
Concerning temperature cycles, SAD patients are to ____ as other depressed patients
are to ____.
a. phase-delayed cycles; normal cycles
b. normal cycles; phase-advanced cycles
c. phase-delayed cycles; phase-advanced cycles
d. phase-advanced cycles; phase-delayed cycles
One gene of interest in schizophrenia is DISC1. This gene ____ the risk for
schizophrenia, especially if another gene PDE4B is ____.
a. increases; present
b. decreases; absent
c. increases; absent
d. decreases; present
In the brain, an arrangement of endothelial cells:
a. has gaps large enough to allow the passage of molecules.
b. synthesizes neurotransmitters.
c. does not allow most molecules to pass because the cells are so tightly packed.
d. has gaps that are filled with enzymes that attack most blood chemicals.
The large intestine:
a. absorbs water and minerals.
b. digests proteins, fats, and carbohydrates.
c. is the main site for the absorption of digested foodstuffs into the bloodstream.
d. stores excess nutrients as glycogen, protein, or fat.
A medical degree is MOST likely held by which specialist?
a. behavioral neuroscientist
b. neurologist
c. biopsychologist
d. neuropsychologist
After the migrating neuron reaches its destination, ____ begin to form.
a. dendrites
b. axons
c. nuclei
d. ganglions
The cheapest and simplest antidepressant procedure is:
a. sleep deprivation.
b. food deprivation.
c. massage.
d. regular nonstrenuous exercise.
A rat with hippocampal damage has difficulty with the Morris search task because it:
a. loses its motivation to find the platform.
b. cannot remember how to swim.
c. has difficulty remembering where the platform is from trial to trial.
d. develops a water phobia.
A graded depolarization is known as an:
a. EPIP
b. IPSP
c. ESPN
d. EPSP
The key into a lock analogy best describes:
a. a drug’s efficacy
b. a drug’s affinity for a receptor
c. breakdown at a receptor site
d. a drug’s reuptake