1) lipids are hydrophobic, and do not usually dissolve in water. because blood is
water-based, the lipid cholesterol is combined with ________ so that it can be
transported by blood.
a) a hydrophilic molecule
b) a hydrophobic molecule
c) nothing; cholesterol is not transported in blood
d) a cation
e) an anion
2) in addition to the number and type of muscle fibers in a muscle, peak athletic
performance requires
a) a good blood supply and system of blood delivery.
b) a well-developed respiratory system.
c) adequate numbers of muscle mitochondria.
d) good supplies of nutrients.
e) all of the answers are correct.
3) match the response with the type of chemical.
a. sympathetic antagonist
b. parasympathetic antagonist
blocks secretion of adrenal catecholamines
4) when adenylyl cyclase is activated,
a) calcium ions are released from intracellular stores.
b) camp is formed.
c) camp is broken down.
d) protein kinases are metabolized.
e) steroids are produced.
5) match the structure or compound to its function.
a. ezetimbe
b. ferroportin
c. hepcidin
d. dmt1
e. npc1l1
transporter for iron absorption
6) the brain’s interpretation of sensory stimuli is called
a) proprioception.
b) perception.
c) cognition.
d) lateralization.
e) emotion.
7) in the condition known as complete heart block, what happens?
a) coronary arteries are blocked by plaques, preventing blood and oxygen from reaching
the myocardial contractile cells.
b) electrical signals from the sa node never reach the ventricles, so the contraction of
the atria is not coordinated with the contraction of the ventricles.
c) the fibrous skeleton of the heart breaks down, interfering with the passage of blood
from the atria to the ventricles.
d) the mitral valve leaflets calcify and close, preventing blood from being pumped
efficiently by the left side of the heart.
e) blood flow through the foramen ovale is blocked.
8)
9) when a rod located in the retina is stimulated by light,
a) the cell depolarizes.
b) the inactive form of retinal associates with bleached opsin.
c) the activity of transducin decreases.
d) the release of neurotransmitter increases.
e) the intracellular concentration of cgmp decreases.
10) the reactions of glycolysis occur in the cell’s ________; the reactions of the citric
acid cycle occur in the ________.
a) cytoplasm, cytoplasm
b) mitochondria, mitochondria
c) cytoplasm, mitochondria
d) mitochondria, cytoplasm
11) why do patients taking loop diuretics need to take supplemental potassium?
a) they cause active secretion of potassium in the loop of henle.
b) they inhibit the reabsorption of potassium as well as sodium in the loop of henle.
c) they inhibit intestinal absorption of potassium.
d) they cause active reabsorption of potassium in the distal convoluted tubule.
12) how would blocking retrograde transport in an axon affect the activity of a neuron?
a) the neuron would not be able to produce neurotransmitters.
b) the neuron would not be able to produce action potentials.
c) the cell body would not be able to export products to the axon terminals.
d) the cell body would not be able to respond to changes in the distal end of the axon.
e) the neuron would be unable to depolarize when stimulated.
13) which of the following is not involved in creating the resting potential of a neuron?
a) diffusion of potassium ions out of the cell
b) diffusion of sodium ions into the cell
c) resting membrane permeability for sodium ions greater than potassium ions
d) resting membrane permeability for potassium ions greater than sodium ions
14) only totipotent stem cells are capable of producing new cells in an adult.
a) true
b) false
15) match the answers to the questions.
a. true only for the sympathetic division
b. true only for the parasympathetic division
c. true for both divisions
the cell bodies of preganglionic neurons are found either in the brain stem or in the
sacral region of the spinal cord.
16) some neurotoxins work essentially the same way as some local anesthetics, which is
to
a) inactivate the enzyme that destroys the neurotransmitter only.
b) bind to na+ channels and inactivate them only.
c) prevent depolarization by blocking na+ entry into the cell only.
d) inactivate the enzyme that destroys the neurotransmitter and bind to na+ channels
and inactivate them.
e) bind to na+ channels and inactivate them and prevent depolarization by blocking na+
entry into the cell.
17) the division of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body for intense
levels of activity and stress is the
a) sympathetic division.
b) parasympathetic division.
c) craniosacral division.
d) intramural division.
e) somatomotor division.
18) match the potential or potential change with the causative circumstances. assume
ion movements are net movements. answers may be used more than once or not at all.
a. resting membrane potential
b. hyperpolarization
c. depolarization
d. repolarization
e. more than one of the answers
cl- enters the cell
19) the literal meaning of the term physiology is knowledge of
a) organs.
b) nature.
c) science.
d) chemistry.
e) math.
20) discuss the functions of the blood-brain barrier. what cellular characteristics
contribute to its effectiveness?
21) how does the embryological origin of the two distinct parts of the pituitary gland
relate to the control of secretion and the types of hormones produced?
22) stanley student is confused on the similarities and differences between proteins and
nucleic acids. assuming he has learned and understood the basic chemistry, what is the
likely source of his confusion? to help him sort this out, make a table or flow chart to
explain the structure of these molecules and their relationship to each other.
23) when an organ or gland shrinks due to lack of use, that condition is referred to as
________.
24) there are two solutions separated by a semipermeable membrane. solution a is 0.3 m
glucose, and solution b is 0.15 m nacl. will there be a net flow of water across this
membrane? why or why not?