1) inappropriate or excessive immune responses to antigens are
a) immunodeficiency diseases.
b) autoimmune diseases.
c) allergies.
d) the result of stress.
e) common in the elderly.
2) a fluid sample contains a large amount of iga type antibody. this fluid is probably
a) blood.
b) lymph.
c) serum.
d) tears.
e) intracellular.
3) match the change in gas composition with the response (disregard weak responses).
a. po2 increases.
b. pco2 increases.
c. po2 decreases.
d. pco2 decreases.
bronchioles and systemic arterioles dilate.
4) in the first phase of triggering an action potential in a neuron, na+ ions flow in and
a) only trigger a negative feedback loop.
b) only trigger a positive feedback loop.
c) only activate the sodium/potassium pump.
d) trigger a negative feedback loop and activate the sodium/potassium pump.
e) trigger a positive feedback loop and activate the sodium/potassium pump.
5) the internal clock of mammals appears to be located in the
a) suprachiasmatic nucleus.
b) pituitary gland.
c) choroid plexus.
d) pons.
e) brain stem.
6) if the partial pressure of oxygen in both air and water is 100 mm hg, then the
concentration of the oxygen is the same in the air and water.
a) true
b) false
7) the brain relies solely on ________ as its energy source. if it is deprived of this
substrate, the cells soon die.
a) fatty acids
b) glucose
c) amino acids
d) insulin
8) match the factor with its effect on the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen.
a. increase
b. decrease
increased ph
9) carbon dioxide is more soluble in water than oxygen. to get the same amount of
oxygen to dissolve in plasma as carbon dioxide, you would have to
a) decrease the temperature of the plasma.
b) increase the partial pressure of oxygen.
c) decrease the partial pressure of nitrogen.
d) increase the rate of plasma flow through the lungs.
e) decrease the alveolar ventilation rate.
10) put the following steps of fat digestion and absorption in order:
1> bile salts coat fat droplets.
2> cholesterol is transported into cells.
3> chylomicrons are formed.
4> chylomicrons are released into lymphatic system.
5> monoglycerides and fatty acids move out of micelles.
6> pancreatic lipase and colipase break down fats.
a) 1, 6, 5, 2, 3, 4
b) 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 5
c) 2, 6, 5, 1, 3, 4
d) 6, 3, 4, 1, 2, 5
e) none of the answers are correct.
11) type ii alveolar cells
a) allow rapid diffusion of gases through their thin membranes.
b) secrete a chemical known as surfactant.
c) are phagocytic.
d) allow rapid diffusion of gases through their thin membranes, secrete a chemical
known as surfactant, and are phagocytic.
e) none of the statements are true.
12) for antagonistic muscle groups to move a limb, flexor contraction occurs coincident
with
a) contraction of the extensor.
b) relaxation of the extensor.
c) no changes in the extensor.
d) contraction of the tendon.
13) red blood cells with an internal osmolarity of 300 mosm are placed in the following
solutions. designate each solution according to its osmolarity and tonicity, and explain
what happens to the cells and why.
a. 200 mosm nacl
b. 400 mosm urea
c. 100 mosm urea plus 200 mosm nacl
d. 300 mosm urea
e. 300 mosm nacl
f. 200 mosm urea plus 300 mosm nacl
g. 400 mosm nacl
14) put these autorhythmic cells into the correct order for conveying electrical signals
through a normal heart.
1> bundle of his
2> internodal pathway
3> purkinje fibers
4> atrioventricular node
5> sinoatrial nodes
6> left and right bundle branches
a) 5, 2, 1, 6, 4, 3
b) 5, 2, 4, 1, 6, 3
c) 4, 2, 5, 1, 6, 3
d) 3, 6, 1, 4, 2, 5
e) 5, 4, 1, 6, 2, 3
15) match the condition with its description.
a. giantism
b. kyphosis
c. moon face
d. myxedema
e. goiter
caused by growth hormone excess in childhood
16) match the structure to its description.
a. muscle spindles
b. golgi tendon organs
c. both
relaxation of skeletal muscle results from ________ input by the somatic motor neuron.
17) list and briefly describe the action of peptides in the gi tract.
18) how does exercise hyperventilation maintain nearly normal po2 and pco2?
19) ________ are blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart.
20) draw a concept map illustrating the immune response to a viral infection.
21) compare and contrast insulin and glucagon.
22) you conduct an experiment on twenty 18-year-old male subjects to see how various
levels of exercise influence heart rate. explain why only 18-year-old males were used as
subjects.
23) a molecule positioned on the high-concentration side of a concentration gradient
stores ________ energy.
24) outline and explain the cellular event that affects the force generated by smooth
muscle cells. what are the initiating events, and how do these events affect force
production by the smooth muscle cell? how can this process be activated without
changes in membrane potential?
25) how are moods similar to or different from emotions?
26) upon testing the knee jerk reflex during a routine physical, a nurse notices that the
reflex is hyperactive. what could be the explanation for this? if instead the reflex was
hypoactive, what may the nurse conclude?