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Which of the special senses is most closely linked with the limbic system?
A.hearing
B.olfaction
C.taste
D.vision
Matrix metalloproteinases
A. produce the basal lamina.
B. synthesize collagen in the extracellular matrix.
C. may be active in invasive cancer cells.
D. synthesize proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix.
Olfactory receptors are coupled to
A.transducins.
B.Na+/Ca2+ channels directly.
C.G-proteins.
D.adenylate cyclase.
What is the predominant affect of stimulation of nicotinic-gated channels?
A. stimulation due to outflow of K+ ions
B. inhibition due to outflow of K+ ions
C. stimulation due to influx of Na+ ions
D. inhibition due to influx of Cl- ions
Renal insufficiency
A.stimulates metabolic alkalosis.
B.often results from dialysis.
C.may occur as a result of arteriosclerosis.
D.stimulates hypokalemia.
Forced (deep) inspiration occurs with the contraction of the
A.erectus abdominis.
B.scalenes.
C.internal intercostals.
D.parasternal intercostals.
In asthma, difficulty in breathing is caused, in part, by
A.prostaglandin D.
B.leukotrienes.
C.histamines.
D.All of the choices are correct.
Viral infection of target cells results in
A.the presentation of viral antigens in class-2 MHC molecules.
B.the activation of cytotoxic T cells when the CD4 coreceptor is occupied.
C.the presentation of viral antigens in class-1 MHC molecules.
D.activation of helper T cells when the CD8 coreceptor is occupied.
Cells synthesizing hydroxyapatite in bones are termed as
A. osteoblasts.
B. osteoclasts.
C. osteocytes.
D. osteosarcoma cells.
Glycosuria occurs when the ____________ of the renal glucose transport protein is
exceeded.
A. transport minimum
B. transport maximum
C. saturation level
D. transport maximum and saturation level
Pheochromocytomas would stimulate
A.hypersecretion of aldosterone.
B.hypersecretion of cortisol.
C.hypersecretion of adrenocorticotropin.
D.hypersecretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Damage to heart valves by antibodies in response to streptococcus bacteria is called
A. rheumatic endocarditis.
B. mitral stenosis.
C. erythroblastosis fetalis.
D. patent ductus arteriosus.
Which of the following is NOT a general category of cell signaling molecules?
A. endocrine signaling
B. enzymatic signaling
C. paracrine signaling
D. synaptic signaling
What causes cGMP to convert to GMP and close Na+ channels in a photoreceptor?
A.dark current
B.light
C.darkness
D.opsin
Glucose regulation by hydrocortisone (cortisol) would be impaired by ablation of the
A.adrenal medulla.
B.thyroid gland.
C.Islets of Langerhans
D.adrenal cortex.
ATP in muscle contraction is needed for
A. attachment of myosin cross bridges to actin.
B. release of myosin cross bridges from actin.
C. pumping of Ca2+ back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
D. All apply.
____________ is made by the delta cells of the pancreas.
A.Glucose
B.Somatostatin
C.Glucagon
D.All of the choices are correct.
Quiet inspiration will ____ thoracic and lung volume and _____ intrapulmonary
pressure.
A.increase, increase
B.increase, decrease
C.decrease, increase
D.decrease, decrease
Loss of accommodation with age is
A.astigmatism.
B.myopia.
C.hyperopia.
D.presbyopia.
Plasma freezes at
A. -1.86C.
B. -1.00C.
C. -0.56C.
D. 0.00C.
The ____________ layer of the skin contains sweat glands, hair follicles, and sebaceous
glands.
A. epidermal
B. dermal
C. hypodermal
Which is NOT characteristic of a graafian follicle?
A.has a fluid-filled antrum
B.granulosa cells secrete estradiol
C.contains a secondary oocyte
D.the oocyte has completed meiosis II
Interstitial fluid is made from blood plasma and returns to blood plasma.
Neurotransmitters
A. are released by endocytosis.
B. all bind to the same receptor.
C. usually regulate ion channels.
D. are actively transported across the synaptic cleft.
What protein primarily makes up the thick filament?
A.actin
B.myosin
C.titin
D.troponin
NAD is derived from the vitamin
A.B-12, cobalamin.
B.B-3, niacin.
C.B-2, riboflavin.
D.B-6, pyridoxine
A BMI of over ____ is considered obese.
A.20
B.25
C.30
D.35
A family of hemoglobin diseases found primarily in people of Mediterranean ancestry
is
A.thalassemia.
B.sickle-cell anemia.
C.myoglobinemia.
D.leukemia.
Which cells have the ability to re-isomerize the all-trans retinal back to the 11-cis form?
A.photoreceptor cells
B.ganglion cells
C.pigment epithelial cells
D.bipolar cells
What is the precursor molecule for the three types of adrenal cortex hormones
A.vitamin A
B.vitamin K
C.adenosine
D.cholesterol
Through deamination and sometimes transamination reactions, amino acids may enter
the aerobic respiration metabolic pathway at the level of
A. pyruvic acid.
B. acetyl CoA.
C. citric acidcycle.
D. All of these choices are correct.
Most target organ control on the anterior pituitary gland is due to
A.positive feedback effect.
B.negative feedback.
C.negative feedback inhibition.
D.positive feedback inhibition.
