________is based on the subjective descriptions that family members use to define
themselves and the interactions that occur in everyday life.
a. Problem solution
b. Family directive
c. Assessment
d. Reframing
Gestalt group therapists use experiments to encourage clients to move from talking
about action to taking action.
a. True
b. False
The goal of structural-strategic family therapy is to break down any hierarchical
structure and replace it with equal relationships among all family members.
a. True
b. False
The four steps of the strengths-based CBT application of the NEW paradigm for
chronic issues and personality disorders include all of the following, except:
a. conceptualize the OLD system of operating and help clients understand they do
things “for good reasons.”
b. construct NEW systems of how clients would like to be.
c. strengthen the NEW using behavioral experiments to try on NEW ways of being and
edit them as needed.
d. strength training.
Because Bowen’s multigenerational approach looks at families from a threegenerational
perspective, the therapist is mainly interested in past happenings and does not pay much
attention to present issues.
a. True
b. False
Much of effective therapy is the product of artistry.
a. True
b. False
Adlerian psychology is a phenomenological, holistic, optimistic, and socially embedded
theory based on basic assumptions that have been woven into various theories of
counseling.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following themes would clients in feminist therapy be leastlikely to
explore?
a. Identify their internalized messages of oppression and replace them with more
self-enhancing beliefs
b. Understand how sexist and oppressive societal beliefs and practices influence them in
negative ways
c. Recognize the power of relationships and connectedness
d. Transference reactions toward their therapist
In structuralstrategic family therapy,_________must occur in a family before an
individual’s symptoms can be reduced or eliminated.
a. solution-oriented changes
b. therapist directions
c. focus on the present
d. structural changes
According to traditional psychoanalytic therapy, the therapist:
a. must establish an authentic encounter with the client.
b. should display genuineness and warmth.
c. remains anonymous.
d. is a teacher.
During her sessions, Justine questions whether she is trying to meet her clients’ needs or
her own needs. Justine is:
a. being overly analytical.
b. actively working toward expanding her self-awareness and learning to recognize her
areas of prejudice and vulnerability.
c. self-absorbed and insecure.
d. behaving unethically since she is preoccupied during her clients’ sessions.
All of the following are true about social skills training except:
a. it is a psychoeducational approach to interpersonal growth.
b. it involves modeling and direct instruction and coaching.
c. it uses role playing exercises to simulate social situations.
d. it requires clients to engage in catharsis.
In the existential approach, techniques are primary, while subjective understanding of
clients is secondary.
a. True
b. False
Existential therapy can best be considered as a system of highly developed techniques
designed to foster authenticity.
a. True
b. False
In solution-focused therapy, exceptions represent instances when a particular problem in
a client’s life was not prominent.
a. True
b. False
____________ involves the escape from or the avoidance of unpleasant stimuli.
a. Negative reinforcement
b. Positive reinforcement
c. Punishment
d. Systematic desensitization
Most recently, reality therapy has been applied to management and supervision,
coaching, family therapy, and parenting. It is now taught and embedded in every
continent except Antarctica.
a. True
b. False
All of the following are goals of feminist therapy exceptfor:
a. striving for change rather than adjustment.
b. social change.
c. resolving intrapsychic conflicts from early childhood.
d. balancing independence and interdependence.
The concept of resistance can best be described as all of the following except:
a. everything that prevents a client from producing unconscious material.
b. that which needs to be analyzed and interpreted.
c. an inevitable part of psychoanalytic therapy.
d. it is not valuable from a theoretical and clinical perspective.
Techniques are more important to models that see the therapist-as-expert and in charge
of makingchangehappen.
Collaborative approaches require:
a. planning.
b. individual techniques.
c. individual interventions.
d. isolation.
Since Corey challenges the deterministic notion that humans are the product of their
early conditioning and, thus, are victims of their past, he believes that an exploration of
the past is rarely useful.
a. True
b. False
According to the Gestalt perspective, if people do not remember their dreams:
a. they may be refusing to face what is wrong with their lives.
b. that suggests they have no internal conflicts.
c. they are sound sleepers.
d. they lack creativity.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of the person-centered approach?
a. The focus is on the phenomenological world of the client.
b. It is supported by evidence from ongoing research.
c. The client-centered approach emphasized the role of the therapist as a facilitator of
growth and honored the inherent power of the client.
d. Emphasis is given to developing a contract for therapy.
The process of redirecting sexual energy into some form of socially acceptable behavior
is known as:
a. displacement.
b. denial.
c. compensation.
d. sublimation.
The Electra complex and the Oedipus complex are associated with what psychosexual
stage of development?
a. Anal stage
b. Genital stage
c. Oral stage
d. Phallic stage
The central theme running through the works of Viktor Frankl is:
a. that freedom is a myth.
b. the will to meaning.
c. selfdisclosure as the key to mental health.
d. the notion of selfactualization.
Natalie Rogers is no longer an active contributor to the person-centered approach.
a. True
b. False
The person-centered approach is not particularly well-suited to multi-cultural
counseling.
a. True
b. False
One of the key contributions of most systemic approaches is that neither the individual
nor the family is blamed for a particular dysfunction.
a. True
b. False
The___________ factorsthe alliance, the relationship, the personal and interpersonal
skills of the therapist, client agency, and extratherapeutic factorsare the primary
determinants of therapeutic outcome.
a. logistical
b. contextual
c. psychodynamic
d. technical
A more flexible variant of psychoanalysis is:
a. psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy.
b. psychoanalytically oriented reality therapy.
c. superego-oriented psychotherapy.
d. psychoanalytic behavior analysis.
Which of the following procedures would a reality therapist be least likely to employ?
a. Skillful questioning
b. Encouraging clients to look at what they are doing
c. Making action plans
d. Reliving an early childhood event
A person with a_________personality disorder is characterized by instability,
irritability, self-destructive acts,impulsive anger, and extreme mood shifts. This person
is lacking a clear sense of identity, has poor impulse control, and an inability to tolerate
anxiety.
a. narcissistic
b. dependent
c. borderline
d. obsessivecompulsive
In Gestalt therapy, a client’s resistance is welcomed and used to deepen their therapeutic
work.
a. True
b. False