1) the type of protein found in gap junctions is the
a) claudin.
b) occludin.
c) cadherin.
d) connexin.
e) integrin.
2) in the lever system that characterizes the interaction between bones and muscle, the
bones act as the ________ whereas the joints form the ________.
a) lever, fulcrums
b) fulcrum, levers
c) lever, pulleys
d) fulcrum, pulleys
3) essential amino acids that are used to build proteins
a) exist in twenty six different configurations.
b) are linked together by ionic chemical bonds in proteins.
c) can be used medically for both diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
d) can be derived from the foods we eat and digest.
e) can only be made by cells within our bodies.
4) the following are the main steps in the generation of an action potential:
1> sodium channels are inactivated
2> more voltage-regulated potassium channels open and potassium moves out of the
cell, initiating repolarization
3> sodium channels regain their normal properties
4> a graded depolarization brings an area of an excitable membrane to threshold
5> a temporary hyperpolarization occurs
6> sodium channel activation occurs
7> sodium ions enter the cell and further depolarization occurs
the proper sequence of these events is
a) 4, 6, 7, 3, 2, 5, 1
b) 4, 6, 7, 1, 2, 5, 3
c) 6, 7, 4, 1, 2, 3, 5
d) 2, 4, 6, 7, 1, 3, 5
e) 4, 2, 5, 6, 7, 3, 1
5) why do some normal cells fail to respond to a chemical signal?
a) chemical signals are only delivered to specific cells.
b) some cells lack the necessary receptors.
c) some cells are completely without receptors.
d) some cells are completely without ligands.
e) signal chemicals often break down before reaching a distant target.
6) the chemical bonding behavior of an atom is directly determined by
a) the number of protons.
b) the number of neutrons.
c) the number and arrangement of electrons.
d) the size of the atom.
e) the mass of the atom.
7) for the structures listed below, choose one of the following:
a. structure is composed of gray matter
b. structure is composed of white matter
ventral horn
8) a receptor potential is
a) an action potential.
b) a graded potential.
c) the resting membrane potential of a receptor cell.
d) always converted to an action potential in sensory receptor cells.
9) a study in which a participant acts as an experimental subject in part of the
experiment and a control in another part of the experiment is called what?
a) double-blind study
b) crossover study
c) meta-analysis study
d) retrospective study
10) the function of transverse tubules is to
a) store ca2+ ions inside the muscle fiber.
b) rapidly conduct action potentials to the interior of the muscle fiber.
c) ensure a supply of glycogen throughout the muscle sarcoplasm.
d) conduct atp molecules out of the mitochondria throughout the sarcoplasm.
11) the following steps occur in rods when they are excited by a photon of light. place
them in the correct sequence.
1> membrane sodium channels close.
2> cgmp is broken down.
3> the membrane hyperpolarizes and the rate of neurotransmitter release declines.
4> transducin is activated.
5> opsin is activated.
a) 1, 5, 2, 4, 3
b) 5, 4, 2, 1, 3
c) 3, 5, 2, 1, 4
d) 4, 5, 2, 1, 3
e) 1, 3, 4, 5, 2
12) ________ is composed of multiple globular molecules polymerized to form long
chains or filaments.
a) actin
b) tropomyosin
c) troponin
d) myosin
e) titin
13) ribosomal rna is formed by
a) the endoplasmic reticulum.
b) golgi complexes.
c) lysosomes.
d) mitochondria.
e) nucleoli.
14) permeability is a property of
a) membranes.
b) ions.
c) solutes.
d) solvents.
e) proteins.
15) a. distinguish between the mass of a molecule and the mass of a mole, using nacl in
your example.
b. calculate the mass of a mole of nacl in g, using the mass of one da (amu).
c. calculate the mass of a dozen nacl molecules, a dozen donuts, and a mole of donuts,
assuming a 30 gram donut.
16) the most common types of cancer in america include colon cancer, skin cancer,
breast cancer, cervical cancer, and prostate cancer. what do all of these cancers have in
common and why are they so prevalent in our society?
17) explain the relationship among chylomicrons, cholesterol, and the various forms of
lipoproteins (ldl, hdl, etc.). what is the role of each one in the body? why are some
considered “bad” and others “good”? where does each come from? where could each
end up?
18) when two or more graded potentials arrive at the trigger zone within a short period
of time, their effects are additive and ________ occurs.
19) compare and contrast the three categories of movement described in the text and
give an example of each.
20) summarize the steps of hemostasis.