1) which cell is incorrectly matched with the characteristic?
a) eosinophils – numbers increase with allergies and parasites
b) eosinophils – cytotoxic cells may live only 6-12 hours
c) basophils – have granules containing histamine and heparin
d) neutrophils – most abundant white cell
e) neutrophils – most difficult to identify
2) mechanical digestion refers to
a) the progressive dehydration of indigestible residue.
b) the input of food into the digestive tract.
c) the enzymatic breakdown of food.
d) the absorption of nutrients in the gut.
e) the effects of chewing, churning, and segmentation.
3) the tension generated in a skeletal muscle fiber is directly proportional to the number
of
a) thick and thin filaments present.
b) nebulin and titin molecules present.
c) high energy crossbridges formed.
d) low energy crossbridges formed.
e) active sarcomeres.
4) the calcium release channel in the smooth muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum that is
opened by increases in phospholipase c activity is the
a) inositol trisphosphate (ip3) receptor channel.
b) ryanodine receptor.
c) dihydropyridine (dhp) receptor.
d) voltage-gated ca2+ channel.
e) ca2+-atpase.
5) a normal adult hematocrit would be approximately ________%.
a) 100
b) 75
c) 66
d) 45
e) 10
6) the organic molecules known as phospholipids are key components of cell
membranes and composed of what monomeric units?
a) amino acids
b) nucleotides
c) glycerol
d) fatty acids
e) both glycerol and fatty acids
7) match the type of transport with its description.
a. secretion
b. paracellular transport
c. transcellular transport
d. absorption
between adjacent cells
8) the posterior pituitary gland secretes
a) fsh.
b) tsh.
c) acth.
d) adh (vasopressin).
e) msh.
9) in electrocardiography, a lead is a(n)
a) electrode.
b) pair of electrodes.
c) cable that attaches between the ecg machine and the body.
10) match the specific enzyme to its class.
a. oxidoreductase
b. hydrolase
c. transferase
d. ligase
e. lyase
lipase
11) conduction occurs along an axon because
a) outflow of k+ triggers the adjacent channels to open.
b) inflow of na+ triggers the adjacent channels to open.
c) once na+ enters the cell, the entire membrane depolarizes simultaneously.
d) axonal transport “walks” voltage changes along the membrane.
12) if the adrenal cortex produces lipid based hormones such as aldosterone, which
organelle would be higher in cells of the adrenal cortex than in the adrenal medulla?
a) golgi apparatus
b) mitochondria
c) ribosome
d) rough endoplasmic reticulum
e) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
13) you used to love to drink milk when you were a child. lately, you notice that your
stomach hurts and you experience bloating and discomfort when you drink it. it is no
longer inviting when you see someone else drinking it. what kind of learning has
occurred?
a) associative
b) anterograde
c) habituation
d) sensitization
14) kidneys respond relatively ________ to changes in blood volume.
a) slowly
b) quickly
15) angiotensin i is converted to angiotensin ii by enzymes primarily located in the
a) kidneys.
b) liver.
c) heart.
d) lungs.
e) blood vessels.
16) when an antigen complex is bound to a class i mhc molecule, it can stimulate a
a) b cell.
b) plasma cell.
c) helper t cell.
d) cytotoxic t cell.
e) nk cell.
17) name the five types of white blood cells. which type develops into macrophages?
which white blood cells are collectively known as phagocytes and why?
18) sketch graphs illustrating the electrical response of auditory hair cells and cochlear
neurons to sound. you do not need to be precise on the amplitudes or durations; just
show you understand the general trend.
19) describe the three major roles of structural proteins.
20) how do most polar molecules move through a cell membrane? explain why water, a
polar molecule, is able to cross the nonpolar portion of a cell membrane.
21) vitamins are precursors for ________. name two vitamins that are required for
metabolic reactions.
22) explain the role of experience in the immune system. given the importance of
experience, is a person’s immune response determined by the genes or the environment?
explain.
23) if someone has a muscle cramp or spasm, a commonly discussed treatment is to
consume a banana (or another food high in potassium). why would this be a possible
treatment for muscle cramps or spasms?
24) list the steps and briefly explain what happens in orthostatic hypotension. what
reflex counteracts it?
25)
figure 1.1
how can you determine the control value using figure 1.1?