1) Roger is shown two piles of sand and says that each pile has the same amount.
However, when one pile is flattened with a shovel, he now claims emphatically, The flat
pile has less sand. Based on this information, Roger is probably in Piagets _______
stage of development.
a.preoperational
b.concrete operations
c.formal operations
d.sensorimotor
2) Piaget has described four stages of cognitive development. Which one of the
following is an accurate statement about Piagets view of these stages?
a.With each successive stage, schemata become more simplified.
b.It is possible for children to skip from preoperations to formal operations, but only a
small minority of children actually do so.
c.Children have difficulty solving problems until they reach formal operations.
d.Each stage involves forms of thought qualitatively different from those of other
stages.
3) Nathan has been playing golf with his parents for many years. When he goes out for
the school baseball team, he has trouble hitting the ball because he keeps confusing the
swing of the bat with how he swings a golf club. Nathans difficulty is the result of:
a.Vertical transfer
b.Mental set in problem solving
c.Rote learning
d.Negative transfer
4) Which one of the following is the best example of the central nervous system (rather
than peripheral nervous system) at work?
a.Parts of the hindbrain are involved in regulating heart rate.
b.Cells in the retina at the back of the eye transmit information about light.
c.Some cells in the nose respond to certain kinds of chemicals.
d.Some cells in the skin are sensitive to heat or cold.
5) Which one of the following statements best describes how information is stored in
long-term memory?
a.Mostly as imageshow things look, sound, feel, or smell
b.Almost entirely as underlying meanings, or semantic codes
c.Mostly in terms of the words of the first language a person has learned
d.In a variety of possible forms
6) Which one of the following best illustrates associative bias in classical conditioning?
a.A man is afraid of heights, but only when there is no railing to hold him back.
b.After a painful dog bite, a girl fears the dog that bit her but is not afraid of the room in
which she was bitten.
c.You associate pleasant feelings with Unchained Melody but not with Youve Lost That
Lovin Feeling, even though both songs are sung by the Righteous Brothers.
d.After being conditioned to fear a white rat, Little Albert generalizes his fear to other
white, fuzzy things.
7) Four boys read this line from a story:
The two men entered the restaurant and ordered hamburgers.
Which one of the boys is clearly using a script while reading the story?
a.Alex assumes that the men looked at a menu before ordering.
b.Bob is guessing that the men probably have evil motives.
c.Colin wonders what the men look like.
d.Devon thinks that the men should make more healthful choices.
8) Paul is usually successful on the math problems his teacher assigns at school,
although he occasionally fails on one or two problems. In contrast, Peters experiences
with mathematics are almost always associated with frustration and failure. Considering
contemporary views of the roles of contiguity and contingency in classical
conditioning, who will acquire classically conditioned anxiety regarding mathematics?
a.Both Paul and Peter will develop a considerable degree of mathematics anxiety.
b.Only Paul will develop math anxiety, because the relationship between math and
failure is unpredictable.
c.Only Peter will develop math anxiety, because whenever math is presented, failure
always follows.
d.Neither Paul nor Peter will develop math anxiety, because neither situation reflects
contingency of the CS and UCS.
9) Tyler learns that Christopher Columbuss first voyage across the Atlantic was
financed by Queen Isabella of Spain. He thinks to himself, She probably thought she
would make a profit on her investment. When he stops to consider the queens motives,
Tyler is demonstrating which one of the following processes?
a.elaboration
b.meaningful learning
c.rehearsal
d.internal organization
10) Which one of the following is the best example of an authentic activity?
a.Listing four different kinds of sedimentary rocks
b.Designing a bridge using principles of physics
c.Putting definitions of new terms in your own words
d.Discussing reasons why World War II occurred
11) A child who was once spanked for running into a busy street no longer runs into the
street. This can best be explained by which one of the following?
a.Pavlovs concept of extinction
b.Thorndikes original law of effect
c.Thorndikes revised law of effect
d.Skinners basic principle of operant conditioning
12) Which one of the following is the best example of dynamic assessment?
a.Mr. Thiessen asks Macy to show him how to use a microscope properly.
b.Ms. Ursinas asks her students to work in 3-person groups to write a paper describing
the effects of the U.S. invasion of Iraq in 2003.
c.Ms. Vincenti gives her students 20 multiple-choice questions; she then gives 20
additional, more difficult questions to students whove done very well on the first set, as
a way of assessing the upper limits of their knowledge.
d.Mr. Warren observes and records how Ericas logical thinking changes over time as
she experiments with a pendulum.