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The scala tympani makes up part of the:
a. tympanic membrane.
b. middle ear.
c. cochlea.
d. ossicles.
Each receptor responds to a wide range of stimuli and contributes to the perception of
each of them. This type of coding is referred to as:
a. across-fiber.
b. labeled-line.
c. hierarchical.
d. reciprocal-excitatory.
Which category of antidepressant drugs operates by preventing the presynaptic neuron
from reabsorbing serotonin and catecholamines after releasing them?
a. tricyclics
b. MAOIs
c. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
d. atypical antidepressants
Which of the following is not a cerebrovascular accident?
a. Ischemia
b. Hemorrhage
c. Stroke
d. Penumbra
A common drug to treat alcoholism that produces illness after consuming alcohol is:
a. antabuse
b. NMDA
c. COMT
d. anandamide
Which of these is characteristic of sleep apnea?
a. involuntary movements of the arms and legs during sleep.
b. periods without breathing during sleeping.
c. tendency to fall asleep suddenly during the day.
d. sleep walking and sleep terrors.
What is apoptosis?
a. the growth of an axon in response to NGF
b. the leakage of transmitters from vesicles
c. a program of 'suicide" by a neuron
d. dendritic branching in the sympathetic nervous system
The only area of the cerebral cortex known to receive input from ALL sensory
modalities is the:
a. thalamus.
b. prefrontal cortex.
c. striate cortex.
d. parietal lobe.
Increased activity of the frontal and temporal lobes of the right hemisphere is associated
with the:
a. Behavioral Inhibition System.
b. Behavioral Activation System.
c. Behavioral Attenuation System.
d. Behavioral Attraction System.
A function of the cerebrospinal fluid is to:
a. cushion the brain.
b. hold blood in reserve for emergencies.
c. maintain the blood-brain barrier.
d. synthesize neurotransmitters.
Magnocellular cells are to ____ as parvocellular cells are to ____.
a. wake-sleep cycles; movement
b. movement; color
c. detail; color
d. color; wake-sleep cycles
What is synonymous with paradoxical sleep?
a. alpha waves
b. stages 1 and 2
c. stages 3 and 4
d. REM sleep
Researchers have found the VNO in humans. It compares to other species in that it is:
a. more dependent on practice or training in humans.
b. a more prominent organ in humans.
c. a small organ without obvious receptors.
d. a small organ with many more receptors.
If a split-brain patient sees the word 'sky" in his left visual field and the word 'scraper"
in his right visual field, which picture will he draw with the left hand?
a. the sky only.
b. the scraper only.
c. a sky and a scraper, separately.
d. a skyscraper.
What is the relationship of genetics to Huntington's disease?
a. It is caused by a dominant gene on the X chromosome.
b. It is caused by a dominant gene on chromosome 4.
c. It is caused by a recessive gene on one of the autosomal chromosomes.
d. There is no evidence linking Huntington's disease to any gene.
The all-or-none law states that:
a. a neuron produces an action potential of maximal strength, or none at all.
b. all neurons fire or none at all.
c. all neurons in a pathway fire at the same time, or none do.
d. all ions move in the same direction, or none do.
Infants have several reflexes, such as the ____ and the ____, that are not seen in adults.
a. knee-jerk reflex; rooting reflex
b. Babinski reflex; knee-jerk reflex
c. rooting reflex; Babinski reflex
d. knee-jerk reflex; grasp reflex
Color constancy is the ability to:
a. perceive all wavelengths as the same color.
b. see color, even in very faint light.
c. differentiate among many colors and hues.
d. recognize the color of an object despite changes in lighting.
One serious drawback of using ECT to treat depression is the:
a. high risk of brain damage.
b. high risk of relapse.
c. slow onset of benefits.
d. likelihood of substituting schizophrenia for depression.
You have precise control over the movement of your fingers, probably because:
a. they have many muscle fibers per motor neuron.
b. they have few muscle fibers per motor neuron.
c. the axons in the fingers have faster action potentials.
d. you have learned how to write.
The physiological changes that defend body temperature are mainly controlled by the:
a. pineal body and preoptic area.
b. preoptic area and anterior hypothalamus.
c. parietal cortex and hypothalamus.
d. preoptic area and posterior hypothalamus.
What happens when a fish swims at low temperatures?
a. Muscle fibers contract more vigorously than at high temperatures.
b. The fish swims more slowly.
c. The fish swims at its usual speed but fatigues more rapidly.
d. The fish swims at its usual speed but fatigues more slowly.
Research in people over age 60 who were randomly assigned to experience six months
of aerobic exercise showed:
a. that they developed more axons.
b. that they developed less tumors.
c. that they developed greater thickness of the cortex.
d. that they developed less thickness of the cortex.
The hippocampus plays a major role in:
a. innate sexual behavior.
b. temperature regulation.
c. memory.
d. secretion of hormones.
A disorder characterized by deteriorating ability to function in everyday life and some
combination of hallucinations, delusions, thought disorder, movement disorder and
inappropriate emotional expressions is:
a. bipolar disorder.
b. hypomania.
c. multiple personality.
d. schizophrenia.
An ablation is:
a. an area of brain next to a blood vessel.
b. a brain area that has been removed.
c. a fluid-filled space in the brain.
d. an area that has been damaged.
After a certain age, most mammals lose their ability to metabolize lactose because:
a. levels of the enzyme lactase decline.
b. it competes with other nutrients in other food types.
c. eating meat is not compatible with drinking milk.
d. they no longer need the nutrients found in milk.
Given a very faint odor of air freshener, who is most likely to detect it?
a. male
b. post-menopausal female
c. cycling female
d. pre-pubertal female
One important difference between organizing effects and activating effects of hormones
is that activating effects:
a. are shorter-term.
b. take place mostly during an early sensitive period.
c. cause the pituitary gland to release another hormone.
d. control only the peripheral nervous system.
Most research on Parkinson's disease has focused on which part of the brain?
a. Globus pallidus
b. Substantia nigra
c. Thalamus
d. Cortex
If you have trouble with rapid, ballistic movement sequences that require accurate
timing, you probably have suffered damage to the:
a. reticular formation.
b. cerebellum.
c. hippocampus.
d. hypothalamus.
Once within the cerebral cortex, the magnocellular pathway continues as a pathway
sensitive to:
a. details of shape.
b. depth.
c. visual memories.
d. movement.
What would cause a genetic female to develop a partly masculinized anatomy?
a. excessive levels of alpha-fetoprotein in her blood
b. exposure of her mother to stressful experiences late in pregnancy
c. exposure to less than the usual amount of estrogen during an early sensitive period
d. exposure to more than the usual amount of testosterone during an early sensitive
period
Which of the following would be the BEST example of altruistic behavior?
a. Bullying other kids in the lunch line
b. Spreading rumors about your boss
c. Picking up your room
d. Helping an elderly person across the street
The outer ear includes:
a. the tympanic membrane.
b. the pinna.
c. the MGN.
d. the cochlea.
