Lipophilic hormones and thyroid hormone are transported to their target cells free in the
plasma.
Conduction deafness occurs due to loss of hair cells in the cochlea.
Insertion of ______________ in the muscle cell membrane increases cellular glucose
uptake.
A. GLUT1
B. GLUT2
C. GLUT3
D. GLUT4
The P wave of an ECG represents
A.atrial repolarization.
B.atrial depolarization.
C.ventricular repolarization.
D.ventricular depolarization.
Exopeptidases include
A.trypsin.
B.aminopeptidase.
C.elastase.
D.chymotrypsin.
A positive energy balance occurs when
A.energy expenditures are greater than the calorie value of food.
B.energy expenditures balance the calorie value of food.
C.the calorie value of food is greater than energy expenditures.
D.you lose weight.
The anatomical dead space
A.is increased by emphysema.
B.has a lower concentration of carbon dioxide than atmospheric air.
C.has a lower concentration of oxygen than atmospheric air.
D.is comprised of the respiratory zone.
In bioenergetic pathways, as intermediates are acted upon by enzymes, the ultimate
result is the release of
A.lactate.
B.ATP.
C.free energy.
D.enzymes.
What enzyme is needed to start the cross bridging process?
A. creatine phosphatase
B. kinase
C. myosin ATPase
D. Ca2+ATPase
Sickle-cell anemia can be treated with the drug hydroxyurea which stimulates
A.production of hemoglobin gamma chains.
B.destruction of hemoglobin beta chains.
C.production of hemoglobin alpha chains.
D.destruction of hemoglobin S.
Development of the mammary gland during gestation
A.is inhibited by estrogens.
B.is stimulated by estrogens.
C.is elevated when dopamine is given to pregnant women.
D.requires the permissive effects of insulin, testosterone, and cortisol.
When Ca2+ release channels in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of the heart are opened by an
increase in Ca2+ in the cytoplasm, this is referred to as
A.calcium-induced fibrillation.
B.calcium-stimulated depolarization.
C.calcium-stimulated calcium release.
D.calcium-induced repolarization.
Whose equation allows one to calculate equilibrium potential for a particular ion?
A. Avogadro’s
B. Nernst’s
C. Fox’s
D. Dalton’s
If NAD becomes reduced it is a(n)
A.reducing agent.
B.oxidizing agent.
C.zymogen.
D.allosteric inhibitor.
Which of the following is NOT a function of neurotrophins?
A. maintaining sympathetic ganglion
B. sustaining neurons that use the NT dopamine
C. embryonic development of neurons
D. regeneration of injured motor neurons
What process occurs when glutamate-releasing presynaptic neurons stimulate
postsynaptic release of endocannabinoids that acts as retrograde neurotransmitters?
A. long-term potentiation
B. long-term depression
C. depolarization-induced suppression of inhibition
D. All apply.
Which blood globulin is an antibody that helps fight infection?
A. alpha globulin
B. beta globulin
C. gamma globulin
D. None apply
When stereocilia are bent toward the kinocilium, the cell membrane will be
A.hyperpolarized.
B.depolarized.
C.releasing increased amounts of neurotransmitter.
D.Both depolarized and releasing increased amounts of neurotransmitter are correct.
The ‘spiral staircase” structure of DNA is referred to as the
A. tertiary structure.
B. spiral structure.
C. the double helix.
D. the twist of life.
Excessive production of free radicals that can damage lipids, proteins, and DNA is
called
A.inflammation.
B.antioxidation.
C.oxidative stress.
D.quenching.
Having the ability to ignore constant phasic stimuli is called
A.the law of specific nerve energies.
B.tonic adaptation.
C.sensory adaptation.
D.phasic adaptation.
Molecules that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms are
A.ionic.
B.inorganic.
C.organic.
D.carbonic.
What structure keeps food from exitting from the nose during swallowing?
A.epiglottis
B.nasopharynx
C.soft palate
D.tongue
In the phospholipase C mechanism, most of the increased intracellular calcium comes
from
A.outside the cell.
B.within the plasma membrane.
C.the endoplasmic reticulum.
D.extracellular fluid.
White matter is
A. myelinated axons in the CNS.
B. myelinated axons in the PNS.
C. nonmyelinated cell bodies and dendrites in the CNS.
D. nonmyelinated axons in the CNS.
Na+ reabsorption is a(n) __________ process, while Cl– reabsoprtion is a(n)
__________ process.
A.active, active
B.active, passive
C.passive, passive
D.passive, active
“Synapses en passant” refers to the fact that postganglionic autonomic neurons release
neurotransmitter
A.from the axon terminal.
B.only when receptors pass over the axon.
C.along the length of the axon.
D.from the soma.
The Cori cycle converts ______________ to pyruvic acid.
A.glucose
B.acetyl CoA
C.lactic acid
D.alcohol
Pubic and axillary hair growth at puberty is from increased secretion of
A.anterior pituitary gonadotropins.
B.estrogen and testosterone from the onads.
C.androgens from the adrenal cortex.
D.melatonin from the pineal gland.
A deficiency of dietary cholesterol would decrease the production of
A.glucagon.
B.atrial natriuretic hormone.
C.melatonin
D.estradiol-17b.
Which part of the red blood cell can bind to oxygen?
A.globin part of hemoglobin
B.cell cytoplasm
C.heme part of hemoglobin
D.plasma membrane
Left side heart failure may be caused by
A. myocardial infarction.
B. aortic valve stenosis.
C. incompetent aortic and mitral valves.
D. All apply.
The enterohepatic circulation is between the _____ and _____.
A.liver, stomach.
B.liver, pancreas.
C.liver, intestine.
D.liver, gallbladder.