1) the process of creating glucose out of non-carbohydrate precursors to make more
energy for exercise is referred to as
a) glycolysis.
b) gluconeogenesis.
c) ketolysis.
d) hydrosis.
2) match the type of immunity to its description.
a. specific
b. nonspecific
present at birth
3) the brain area(s) that has/have a cortex is/are the
a) cerebrum only.
b) cerebellum only.
c) medulla oblongata only.
d) cerebrum and cerebellum.
e) cerebrum and medulla oblongata.
4) heat loss is promoted by
a) sweating.
b) dilation of cutaneous blood vessels.
c) nonshivering thermogenesis.
d) sweating and dilation of cutaneous blood vessels.
e) sweating, dilation of cutaneous blood vessels, and nonshivering thermogenesis.
5) the brain neurotransmitter that is an important stimulus for food intake is
a) ghrelin.
b) leptin.
c) neuropeptide y.
d) orexin.
e) insulin.
6) information coming into the central nervous system is transmitted along ________
neurons.
a) afferent
b) sensory
c) efferent
d) afferent and sensory
e) sensory and efferent
7) the earliest discrete embryonic structure from which the entire nervous system
eventually develops is the
a) ventricle.
b) neural tube.
c) neural plate.
d) ependyma.
e) neural crest.
8) match the term with its description (answers may be used more than once).
a. ependymal cells
b. astrocytes
c. satellite cells
d. schwann cells
e. oligodendrocytes
f. microglia
cells that are a source of neural stem cells
9) match the name of the pathological condition with its description.
a. hereditary spherocytosis
b. polycythemia vera
c. iron-deficiency anemia
d. sickle cell disease
e. anemia
genetic condition resulting in crescent moon-shaped red blood cells
10) all of the following would cause an increase in blood pressure except
a) an increase in arterial resistance.
b) a decrease in arterial diameter.
c) a decrease in cardiac output.
d) sympathetic stimulation.
11) the proteins synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum are then sent to
a) the smooth endoplasmic reticulum for storage.
b) the golgi complex for packaging.
c) the lysosome for modification.
d) the cell membrane for secretion.
e) the nucleus for cellular use.
12) match the following structures with their functions.
a. pancreas
b. pylorus
c. rectum
d. small intestine
e. stomach
chyme is released from here
13) the cilia of the hair cells of the semicircular canals are embedded in the
a) saccule.
b) ampullae.
c) cristae.
d) utricle.
e) cupula.
14) match the specific enzyme to its class.
a. oxidoreductase
b. hydrolase
c. transferase
d. ligase
e. lyase
dehydratase
15) which of the following is not true about angiotensin ii?
a) increases cardiac output
b) activates parasympathetic output
c) is a potent vasoconstrictor
d) elevates blood pressure
e) stimulates thirst
16) chondrocytes are to cartilage as osteocytes are to
a) blood.
b) epithelium.
c) fat.
d) bone.
e) neural tissue.
17) parkinson’s disease affects the cerebral basal ganglia, resulting in tremors in limbs,
slowness in beginning and completing movements, and other abnormalities of muscle
control. the specific population of neurons involved degenerates and thus fails to
produce the neurotransmitter dopamine. an obvious treatment option to try is to
administer dopamine, yet this is completely ineffective at alleviating the symptoms.
propose a reason why this treatment fails, and a related alternative to address the
dopamine deficit. (hint: think about how the brain protects itself from chemicals in the
blood.)
18) the principal ions in the ecf are ________.
19) the ________ consist of light, spongy tissue whose volume is occupied mostly by
air-filled spaces.
20) explain what is meant by antagonistic control.
21) the ________ link membrane receptors to either ion channels or to membrane
enzymes located on the cytoplasmic face of the membrane.
22) veins are said to carry deoxygenated blood. does this mean that there is no oxygen
in venous blood? explain your answer. are there veins that carry highly oxygenated
blood? again, explain your answer. what color is most venous blood compared to most
arterial blood?
23) define substrate and product. are these definitions relative or absolute, and why?