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Which of the following is a problem that might arise in using relative grading
standards?
a) Although the students did not learn very much, they nearly all got A's because the
teacher's newly developed tests were so easy.
b) Students avoid one teacher's course because she never gives an Aher unrealistically
high expectations for student learning are reflected on all of her assessment tasks.
c) Most of the students in a class received very low quarter grades because their tests
did not reflect the teacher's use of class time.
d) A student whose performance is excellent cannot get an A because he is outscored by
too many (for instance, 20%) of his classmates.
What is the term used to describe the degree to which the teacher is vigilant, and
continuously responsive to student behavior?
a) withitness
b) momentum
c) skill at managing transitions
d) smoothness
Nurture has a greater effect than nature on the following domain of development:
a) Physical development
b) Reflex development
c) Moral development
d) Motor development
The purpose of evaluation that provides data for judging teachers, schools, districts, or
states, is called:
a) feedback.
b) information for certification.
c) information for accountability.
d) incentives to increase student effort.
In a research study, two groups of children were given markers and paper and given
permission to draw pictures. Children in one group were given a reward for being "good
players" at the end, but the second group of children received no reward. In this
experimental situation, researchers:
a) Created conflict and analyzed the resulting effect
b) Created special treatment and analyzed the effect
c) Created disequilibrium and cognitive dissonance
d) Created mixed variables and outcomes
The key idea that Bloom's taxonomy offers to teachers is that:
a) assessment is an exact process.
b) lower-level skills should be replaced by higher-order skills.
c) higher-order skills should be reserved for college-level classes.
d) in planning a lesson on a given topic, there are many levels of skills to consider.
Children at the preconventional level of moral reasoning concentrate on:
a) respecting the laws of society.
b) how to further their own interests and avoid being punished.
c) understanding the meaning of rules for a group.
d) how to adapt rules to fit the condition of their situations.
Discovery learning promotes the advantage of arousing student curiosity and
motivation. Which of the following is the most commonly used form of discovery
learning?
a) regulated discovery learning where the teacher requires students to follow strict rules.
b) approximate discovery learning where students theorize approximate details.
c) guided discovery learning where the teacher gives clues and structures portions of an
activity.
d) self-discovery learning where students use their own schemata and perceptions.
Ms. Dickson observes that after reading a research report, her students can use
principles of good experimental design to point out flaws in the researchers' procedures
and conclusions. What is the highest-level objective from Bloom's taxonomy that Ms.
Dickson's students have met?
a) Knowledge
b) Comprehension
c) Application
d) Evaluation
According to Piaget, knowledge comes from which of the following:
a) Development
b) Progression
c) Study
d) Action
Think about a schema for a familiar idea, such as types-of-punishment, or Erickson's
5th stage. Draw a representation of that schema, using the "bison" example in Figure
6.3 in the textbook as a model.
Now imagine that you are going to teach that idea to someone younger, or
less-informed about the subject. Draw a representation of what that learner's schema
might be like. Summarize the difference between these two individuals' schemata.
If you were in fact teaching the concept to the learner whose schema you described,
how would you address the differences between the learner's schema, and your own?
Specifically, what are two things you would do as a teacher, that take into account the
limited schema of your student?
Max, a preschooler, explains that a sandwich cut into four pieces is more than a
sandwich cut in half, demonstrating which characteristic common in the preoperational
stage?
a) Conservation
b) Constructivism
c) Centration
d) Reversibility
According to your text, when does portfolio assessment not have important uses?
a) When teachers want to evaluate students for reports to parents
b) When teachers want to show improvement over time
c) When teachers want to evaluate students for school accountability
d) When combined with consistent and public rubrics
Miss Menard wants to accommodate student differences in her mixed-ability classes.
Which of the following is an effective means of doing so?
a) Reducing higher level thinking activities for low-ability students
b) Requiring the high-ability students to complete more challenging work for
comparable grading
c) Establishing cooperative learning groups where students teach each other
d) Establishing peer teaching where high ability student leaders provide direct
instruction to low-track learners
Which of the following forms of assessment is the best example of a fixed-interval
schedule?
a) Pop quiz
b) Infrequent major exams
c) Homework assigned as needed
d) Friday quizzes
An important goal of teaching critical thinking to students is to create:
a) a critical spirit.
b) a compliant student.
c) a successful test taker.
d) a gifted student.
The duration of this structure of memory can last up to four seconds.
a) Sensory
b) Short-term
c) Long-term
d) Frontal
Which of the following forms of test taking requires the learner to engage in high-level
processing of content and thereby enhancing memory and understanding?
a) Fill in the blank
b) Multiple choice
c) Constructed response
d) Matching
French studies of children of low SES parents adopted into high SES families find:
a) negative effects on the children's IQs compared to non-adopted children raised in low
SES families.
b) negative effects on the children's IQs compared to adopted children raised in low
SES families.
c) positive effects on the children's IQs compared to non-adopted children raised in high
SES families.
d) positive effects on the children's IQs compared to non-adopted children raised in low
SES families.
Providing students with a great deal of practice on a wide variety of problem types is
essential for skill development, but practice alone is not sufficient unless the practice
includes:
a) extensive direct instruction.
b) an absence of teacher interference and feedback.
c) feedback on their solutions, and on the process by which they arrived at the solutions.
d) freedom from teacher analysis and coding.
Mr. Bono's seventh graders complain that they studied the class material, but that
material wasn't on the test. Mr. Bono should examine his test for evidence of:
a) content validity.
b) gender bias.
c) concurrent validity.
d) test reliability.
A teacher wanting to increase the reliability of a test should try which of the following
strategies?
a) Use more items that none of the students can answer correctly.
b) Increase the number of test items.
c) Add more easy test items.
d) Increase the proportion of items that are marginally related to the objectives being
taught.
You are a teacher working with students from a low-income neighborhood. Based on
findings from research on academic progress and SES, you should expect your students,
relative to Middle-Class students of the same age, to:
a) maintain academic achievement levels over the summer.
b) to make slight academic gains over the summer.
c) to lose ground academically over the summer.
d) to make modest academic gains during the summer.
Which of the following terms is defined as follows: applying
unpleasant stimuli to decrease a target behavior?
a) negative reinforcement
b) presentation punishment
c) positive reinforcement
d) removal punishment
A teacher uses task analysis in designing a lesson. A benefit that the teacher is likely to
realize from this process is:
a) encouraging students to work and learn independently.
b) allowing students to make important decisions about what they should and should
not attend to.
c) gaining increased awareness of the subskills students need for mastering more
complex skills.
d) discovering creative ways to make a subject relate to students' lives.
What has research told us about the use of cooperative learning in bilingual education
programs?
a) This approach helps students make a successful transition to English-only instruction.
b) Cooperative learning is not very effective.
c) This approach has about the same success rate as other approaches.
d) Cooperative learning will keep bilingual students in bilingual classes until they finish
school.
The research indicates that effective managers teach students specific procedures in the
first days of school. For example, some had students:
a) practice jigsaw, rehearsing the transition from expert groups to regular groups.
b) take tests.
c) help the teacher prepare teaching materials that would be used in the first few weeks.
d) learn the meaning of signals, by responding to stimuli like the flick of a light switch.
Several studies have shown that the quality of instruction is lower for some students
when this type of grouping is practiced:
a) untracking
b) tracking
c) The Joplin Plan
d) regrouping
Piaget's theory of cognitive development proposes that:
a) Intellectual development is a discontinuous process
b) Development is based on an individual's observation within a prepared environment
c) A child's intellectual development progresses through distinct stages
d) Knowledge is something to be transferred from an adult to the child
Tamika is better than average is both reading and math. What else might we expect
about her reading and math?
a) They are positively correlated
b) They are negatively correlated
c) They show divergent correlation
d) They reflect an achievement correlation
The amount of time you schedule for instruction and then actually use to teach is
referred to as:
a) Engaged time
b) Allocated time
c) Plan time
d) Time on task
Which of the following ideas about direct instruction does recent research best support?
a) Direct instruction alone is the most effective teaching method.
b) Direct instruction is the least efficient method for student development of concepts.
c) Direct instruction can be more efficient than discovery learning for conceptual
development.
d) Direct instruction is the most efficient method of teaching.
The process of maintaining a thought in working memory is called:
a) elaboration.
b) automaticity.
c) repository.
d) rehearsal.
How would you create a "culture of thinking" in your classroom?
Recall a behavior you have learned through observation, in a
cooperative learning situation. Use this learning experience to
illustrate Bandura's four phases of observational learning. Explain
how the concept of vicarious learning relates to your example.
