1) match the ganglion cell response to the location of the light stimulus.
a. fully excited
b. fully inhibited
c. weak response
diffuse light illuminates both center and surround of on-surround cell.
2) the most important energy-transferring compound in cells is a nucleotide known as
a) glucose.
b) fructose.
c) protein.
d) adenosine triphosphate.
e) deoxyribonucleic acid.
3) calculate the mean arterial pressure (map) for each example listed.
a. a person with a blood pressure of 120/80 mm hg
b. a person with a blood pressure of 130/95 mm hg
4) a rise in angiotensin ii levels would result in
a) elevated blood pressure.
b) increased retention of sodium ions at the kidney.
c) increased water retention.
d) increased blood volume.
e) all of these effects.
5) match the ploidy with a cell stage.
a. haploid
b. diploid
secondary spermatocyte or oocyte
6) dehydration causes
a) fluid to shift from the ecf to the icf.
b) decreased secretion of adh.
c) increased thirst.
d) increased levels of aldosterone.
e) all of the answers are correct.
7) which of the following events result in the first heart sound?
a) the av valves open.
b) the av valves close.
c) the semilunar valves close.
d) the semilunar valves open.
e) the atria contract.
8) consider the two chemical reactions. identify each statement following as true or
false, and clarify as needed.
a + b c
c a + b
a. the enzyme catalyzing the formation of c must be different from that catalyzing the
breakdown of c.
b. the enzyme catalyzing the formation of c must be the same as that catalyzing the
breakdown of c.
c. only one of the reactions could occur in a given cell or system.
d. both reactions must be occurring in an equilibrium situation.
e. equilibrium is always achieved in a chemical reaction.
f. equilibrium can be prevented from occurring by constantly removing the product of
either reaction.
g. an equilibrium, once established, cannot be disturbed.
9) because anatomy and physiology have different definitions, they are usually
considered separately in studies of the body.
a) true
b) false
10) discuss the structure and function of the cochlea.
11) pinocytosis and potocytosis are types of
a) endocytosis.
b) exocytosis.
c) phagocytosis.
d) endocytosis and exocytosis.
e) exocytosis and phagocytosis.
12) the role of the pituitary hormone fsh in males is to
a) stimulate the interstitial cells to produce testosterone.
b) stimulate the sertoli cells to produce inhibin.
c) initiate sperm production in the testes.
d) develop and maintain secondary sex characteristics.
e) influence sexual behaviors and sex drive.
13) the site of information integration in the nervous system is the
a) chemical synapse.
b) electrical synapse.
c) trigger zone.
d) dendritic membrane.
e) axon terminal.
14) mature nerve and muscle cells are expected to lack which organelle(s)?
a) nucleus
b) endoplasmic reticulum
c) centrioles
d) ribosomes
e) golgi bodies
15) cells that store fat are called
a) fibroblasts.
b) liposomes.
c) adipocytes.
d) mast cells.
e) melanocytes.
16) ace converts
a) renin to angiotensinogen.
b) angiotensinogen to angiotensin i.
c) angiotensin i to angiotensin ii.
d) angiotensin ii to aldosterone.
e) renin to aldosterone.
17) the fight-or-flight reaction prepares an animal to respond to a threatening situation,
by either fighting or running away. one aspect of this response is changes in blood flow
such that the skeletal muscles and heart receive higher blood flow (vessels dilate) while
digestive organs receive less (vessels constrict). which signal molecule(s) is/are
involved in this response, and how do they produce these changes in blood vessels?
explain how this example illustrates one or more of the following concepts: multiple
ligands for one receptor, multiple receptors for one ligand, agonists and antagonists.
18) how are molarity and osmolarity different? what property of salts necessitates this
distinction? how does this property affect the behavior of water?
19) many second messenger systems activate ________, enzymes that transfer a
phosphate group from atp to a protein. the phosphorylation of proteins sets off a series
of intracellular events that lead to the ultimate cellular response.
20) the av node delays the transmission of action potentials slightly to allow ________.
21) draw graphs showing the effects on action potentials in a postsynaptic cell of
effective doses for each of the listed toxins. assume that the cell is normally brought to
threshold by the stimuli applied to its inputs, so that any abnormality is due to the toxin.
1> curare (prevents receptor from binding neurotransmitter)
2> botulinum toxin (prevents neurotransmitter release)