Across species, it appears that the sense organs are most attuned to:
a. biologically useful stimuli.
b. low intensity stimuli.
c. detecting odors of other species.
d. detection of chemical stimuli.
Night-active species are more likely than day-active species to have:
a. better peripheral vision.
b. larger blind spots.
c. a greater rod to cone ratio.
d. a greater cone to rod ratio.
Data gathered by studies such as the LeVay study suggest that:
a. the hypothalamus determines sexual orientation.
b. the suprachiasmatic nucleus determines sexual orientation.
c. on average, differences in the hypothalamus can be found between individuals of
different sexual orientations.
d. there is only a small probability that the brain has anything to do with sexual
orientation.
An acceleration of the head at any angle causes:
a. the jelly-like substance in one of the semicircular canals to move to another canal.
b. the jelly-like substance in one of the semicircular canals to push against hair cells.
c. fluid to spill out from the otolith organs into the semicircular canals.
d. hair cells to become stiff and straight.
At the center of the GABA receptor is a:ᴀ
a. benzodiazepine
b. neurotransmitter
c. chloride channel
d. transmitter channel
Compared to ionotropic effects, metabotropic effects are:
a. quicker and briefer.
b. slower and briefer.
c. quicker and longer-lasting.
d. slower and longer-lasting.
The delayed matching-to-sample task is considered to be an example of:
a. declarative memory.
b. procedural memory.
c. the Morris search task.
d. Korsakoff’s syndrome.
A schizophrenic patient whose main symptoms are lack of emotional expression, lack
of social interaction, and lack of speech is suffering from:
a. positive symptoms.
b. negative symptoms.
c. thought disorders.
d. delusions.
In terms of sound localization, low frequencies are to ____ differences, as high
frequencies are to ____ differences.
a. timing; phase
b. loudness; phase
c. phase; timing
d. phase; loudness
An average young adult expends about ____ kilocalories (kcal) per day.
a. 3,000
b. 2,600
c. 2,000
d. 3,600
It is believed that Hebbian synapses may be critical for:
a. associative learning.
b. reflexes.
c. loudness perception.
d. color vision.
When do the organizing effects of sex hormones occur in humans?
a. well before birth
b. shortly before and after birth
c. during childhood
d. during adolescence
In the revised James-Lange theory of emotion, what occurs first?
a. cognitive appraisal
b. actions
c. physiological changes
d. feeling
The vomeronasal organ (VNO) is a set of receptors located:
a. in the inner ear.
b. near, but separate from, the olfactory receptors.
c. in the throat.
d. in the cerebral ventricles.
The main advantage of a neuron releasing more than one neurotransmitter is that:
a. if it runs out of one, it has others.
b. it can release different transmitters on different occasions.
c. it can send more complex messages.
d. it can release one from the axon’s terminal and one from another location along the
axon.
What happens to a female human fetus exposed to excess testosterone during the
sensitive period for genital development?
a. She is unaffected, since she has no receptors for testosterone.
b. She will often develop without any sexual organs.
c. She will often develop with genitals that have an intermediate appearance.
d. She will often develop a complete, functioning, set of male reproductive organs.
Researchers believe that the right hemisphere is:
a. the mirror image of the left hemisphere, with the same functions.
b. subordinate to the left hemisphere for all functions.
c. in control of speech.
d. specialized in functions that differ from the left.
One peculiarity of itch sensations is that:
a. they can be felt in body parts that have no sensory receptors.
b. they are suppressed by morphine for unusually long times.
c. they are suppressed by Novocaine for unusually long times.
d. they depend on action potentials transmitted at very slow speeds.
What provides the building blocks for synthesizing all neurotransmitters?
a. substances found in the diet
b. breakdown products of DNA
c. breakdown products formed from other transmitters
d. methane and ethanol
Which theory emphasizes the idea that color vision depends on the relative responses of
three kinds of cones?
a. Young-Helmholtz theory
b. opponent-process theory
c. retinal theory
d. volley theory
Increased permeability to ____ would most likely result in an IPSP.
a. sodium
b. potassium
c. calcium
d. bicarbonate
Cutting the left optic nerve in front of the optic chiasm would result in blindness in
____.
a. the right eye
b. the left eye
c. peripheral vision of both eyes
d. the left visual field
Discuss the research dealing with the genetics of schizophrenia.
Answer:
Answers will vary.
The primary visual cortex sends its information:
a. to the lateral geniculate nucleus.
b. to area V1.
c. to area V2.
d. back to the retina.
The surface of a dendrite is lined with specialized junctions through which the dendrite
receives information from other neurons. What are these junctions called?
a. synaptic receptors
b. axons
c. synaptic hillocks
d. glia
Discuss some of the leading theories on the neural causes of schizophrenia.
Answer:
Answers will vary.
What would cause a male mammal to develop an anatomy that looks like a female’s?
a. a deficit of testosterone during puberty
b. a deficit of testosterone during an early stage of development
c. exposure to a high level of estradiol during puberty
d. exposure to a high level of estradiol during an early stage of development
____ steer new axonal branches and synapses in the right direction.
a. Chemokines
b. Immunoglobulin
c. Glia
d. Neurotrophins
Of the following treatments for depression – psychotherapy, drug therapy, and ECT – the
one with the fastest benefits is ____ and the one with the longest lasting benefits is
____.
a. psychotherapy; drug therapy
b. drug therapy; ECT
c. ECT; psychotherapy
d. drug therapy; psychotherapy
LSD and other hallucinogenic drugs resemble which neurotransmitter?
a. norepinephrine
b. dopamine
c. serotonin
d. acetylcholine