1) ________ is characterized by an increased airway resistance and decreased
ventilation.
2) ruby is 77 years old and can no longer control her urination. what changed in the
reflex pathway that used to control her urination?
3) the nephron begins with a hollow, ball-like structure called ________.
4) tom loves to soak in hot tubs and whirlpools. one day he decides to raise the
temperature in his hot tub as high as it will go. after a few minutes in the very warm
water, he feels faint, passes out, and nearly drowns. luckily he is saved by an observant
bystander. explain what happened.
5) explain the relationship between microtubules, cilia, flagella, centrioles, spindle
fibers, and the centrosome.
6) describe the different types of adrenergic receptors in the autonomic nervous system.
which neurotransmitter binds to each type? for those that bind more than one
neurotransmitter, how does the response to the neurotransmitters compare?
7) compare and contrast the voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels introduced in
chapter 8, with the acetylcholine receptor/channel. what may be confusing to the
beginning physiology student trying to understand the ion specificity of the
acetylcholine receptor? what type of change in the cell is produced by ion movement
through each type of channel?
8) the gap junctions in cardiac muscle are part of specialized cell junctions that are
localized to the ________.
9) the most proximal arteries to branch from the aorta are the ________.
10) colloid osmotic pressure in plasma is fairly constant in a healthy person. how would
protein starvation affect this pressure? how may a very high-protein diet affect this
pressure? suppose a person is suffering from an imbalance that causes an increase in
colloid osmotic pressure from the typical
25 mm hg to 30 mm hg. calculate the effect on net fluid flow across the capillary. what
negative health consequences could result?