1) in terms of embryonic origin, neurons are most closely related to ________ cells.
a) skeletal muscle
b) cardiac muscle
c) connective tissue
d) epithelial
2) an important difference between single-unit and multiunit smooth muscle is the
a) numerous gap junctions in single-unit smooth muscle, which allow many cells to
work together as a sheet.
b) longer actin and myosin filaments in multiunit smooth muscle, which allow
coordination of contraction.
c) ability of single-unit fibers to change into multiunit fibers when advantageous.
d) closely controlled individual fibers in single-unit smooth muscle to allow fine control
and graded contractions by selective activation.
3) match each hormone with its primary source.
a. prolactin
b. insulin
c. aldosterone
d. melatonin
e. calcitonin
f. epinephrine
thyroid
4) match the transport process to its description.
a. active transport
b. passive transport
the movement of molecules against the concentration gradient
5) match the nutrient to its primary fate.
a. carbohydrate
b. protein
c. fat
storage
6) when the ph of body fluids begins to fall, proteins will
a) release a hydrogen from the carboxyl group.
b) release a hydrogen from the amino group.
c) bind a hydrogen at the carboxyl group.
d) bind a hydrogen at the amino group.
e) cause none of these actions.
7) if the sodium pump in the membranes of the photoreceptors were completely
blocked, the result would be
a) bright white light as all cones would be activated.
b) an increase in visual acuity.
c) darkness (blindness).
d) grey images as only rods would function.
e) the cells would not be able to produce glutamate.
8) nicotine enhances the release of ________ in the brain.
a) serotonin
b) dopamine
c) acetylcholine
d) epinephrine
e) glutamate
9) match the structure to its function.
a. mouth
b. stomach
c. rectum
d. small intestine
e. large intestine
carbohydrate digestion begins here.
10) motor neurons are sometimes inhibited by
a) golgi tendon organs.
b) muscle spindle organs.
c) joint receptors.
11) the following are steps involved in transmission at the cholinergic synapse:
1> chemically regulated ion channels on the postsynaptic membrane are activated.
2> calcium ions enter the axon terminal.
3> an action potential depolarizes the axon terminal at the presynaptic membrane.
4> acetylcholine is released from storage vesicles by exocytosis.
5> acetylcholine binds to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane.
the correct sequence for these events is
a) 4, 2, 1, 5, 3
b) 3, 2, 4, 5, 1
c) 2, 4, 1, 3, 5
d) 2, 5, 4, 1, 3
e) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
12) the layer of loose connective tissue beneath the digestive epithelium is the
a) lamina propria.
b) muscularis mucosae.
c) submucosa.
d) submucosal plexus.
e) myenteric plexus.
13) match the term with its description:
a. threshold
b. effector
c. integrating center
d. setpoint
e. sensory receptor
the organ or gland that performs the change
14) the primary route for ion loss from the body is the ________ system.
a) respiratory
b) urinary
c) digestive
d) integumentary
e) cardiovascular
15) compare and contrast the structure and location of arteries, arterioles, capillaries,
and veins. how do these differences contribute to the differences in function of each?
16) specialized ________ in the carotid and aortic bodies are activated by a decrease in
po2 and ph or an increase in pco2. what do they trigger?
17) a resting heart rate above 100 beats per minute is identified as ________.
18) the osmotic pressure created by the presence of proteins is known as ________,
which is (higher/lower) in the plasma than in the interstitial fluid.
19) the process of glycogen formation is known as ________.
20) loss of pericytes around retinal capillaries is a hallmark of the disease ________.