Trichromatic theory is based upon:
A.the complementary functioning of three types of cones.
B.the oppositional functioning of two types of ganglion cell.
C.the complementary functioning of three types of ganglion cell.
D.the oppositional functioning of two types of cones.
What is the difference between a positive and a negative prediction error?
A.A positive prediction error signals a reward, whereas a negative prediction error
signals a punishment.
B.A positive prediction error follows an expected reward, whereas a negative prediction
error follows an unexpected reward.
C.A positive prediction error signals the presence of something unexpected, whereas a
negative prediction error signals the absence of something unexpected.
D.A positive prediction error strengthens the association between a cue and a stimulus,
whereas a negative prediction error weakens the association.
Which of the following would NOT be an example of biological constraints rather than
learned behavior?
A.an ant following a food trail through a maze
B.a horse rearing up in order to receive a carrot
C.a raccoon picking up and rubbing a coin
D.a pigeon flapping its wings in response to a loud noise
Another term for neuron firing is:
A.action potential.
B.somatic potential.
C.resting membrane potential.
D.ion potential.
After reading about sleep in your textbook, you ask a friend to wake you up and ask if
you are dreaming. You hope they will wake you during REM sleep. To maximize the
chance of this happening, your friend should wake you up:
A.at the beginning of a night’s sleep.
B.in the middle of a night’s sleep.
C.at the end of a night’s sleep.
D.only during a day nap.
Dr. Lin studies obesity. She believes that the likelihood of obesity is related to levels of
the trait of agreeableness. In which subfield is Dr. Lin most likely to work?
A.personality psychology
B.social psychology
C.counseling psychology
D.developmental psychology
While at a party, a friend tells you that he thinks his brain only processes one thing at a
time. To demonstrate that he is wrong, you later stand nearby and, while he is engaged
in another conversation, say out-loud:
A.the text from your psychology textbook.
B.something quietly.
C.his name.
D.a fact you learned that day.
Jordan studies consciousness by training himself to objectively report on his own
sensations, which is similar to how the ________ school investigated psychology.
A.structuralist
B.functionalist
C.psychodynamic
D.behaviorist
According to your textbook, which of the following is a good metaphor for learning in
young children?
A.Young children are like sponges; they absorb everything that goes on around them.
B.Young children are like Pavlov’s dogs; they are motivated by food and easy to train.
C.Young children are like dopamine neurons; they are very sensitive to predictions and
expectations.
D.Young children are like a blank chalkboard; they can easily record and erase new
information.
Which of the following is an example of research done at the cultural level of analysis?
A.examining how large and small groups compromise during negotiations
B.studying how different personality traits can influence overall life satisfaction
C.testing how patterns of brain activity change under the influence of drugs
D.exploring how the country one grows up in influences how one interprets nonverbal
cues
An injection of testosterone in a healthy adult man will ________ sexual behavior.
A.increase
B.decrease
C.not change
D.eliminate
In Freud’s book, The Interpretation of Dreams, the part of a dream that is remembered is
referred to as:
A.latent content.
B.manifest content.
C.Freudian content.
D.ideological content.
Which of the following is NOT an example of an altered state of consciousness similar
to meditation?
A.runner’s high
B.flow
C.religious ecstasy
D.distraction
In memory information processing, an individual MUST ________ a memory before
___________ it.
a.store; retrieving
b.retrieve; rehearsing
c.process; inputting
d.store; consolidating
The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) is similar to an
institutional review board because both organizations:
A.enforce ethical mandates about different types of research.
B.oversee research using animals to ensure safety.
C.have the same types of members.
D.conduct research on animals and humans.