1) the cell that is the progenitor of all the types of blood cells is called the
a) pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell.
b) committed progenitor cell.
c) megakaryocyte.
d) reticulocyte.
e) progenitor.
2) the gate control theory of pain modulation states that pain transmission can be
blocked by
a) cold stimulation of the a-delta fibers.
b) mechanical stimulation of a-beta fibers.
c) stimulation of c-fibers.
d) tonic activity of the inhibitory neurons in the dorsal horn.
3) in a 5% nacl solution,
a) this means there are 5 grams of sodium chloride for every 100 ml of water.
b) this means there are 5 grams of sodium chloride for every 100 ml of total solution.
c) the solute is water.
d) this means there are 5 grams of sodium chloride for every 100 ml of water and there
are 5 grams of sodium chloride for every 100 ml of total solution.
e) this means there are 5 grams of sodium chloride for every 100 ml of total solution
and the solute is water.
4) declarative memories are stored in cortical areas of the ________ lobes.
a) frontal
b) parietal
c) temporal
d) amygdala
e) cerebellar
5) thirst is
a) controlled by centers in the hypothalamus.
b) triggered by increased osmolarity.
c) relieved only when plasma osmolarity is decreased.
d) controlled by centers in the hypothalamus and triggered by increased osmolarity.
e) controlled by centers in the hypothalamus, triggered by increased osmolarity, and
relieved only when plasma osmolarity is decreased.
6) parathyroid hormone is
a) a lipid.
b) dissolved in plasma.
c) bound to a carrier.
d) an amine hormone.
e) the cause of graves’ disease.
7) oxytocin is a hormone that is released in response to cervical dilation. it in turn
causes more uterine contractions that will further dilate the cervix. what type of
feedback loop does oxytocin trigger?
a) negative feedback
b) positive feedback
c) local control
d) nociceptive feedback
8) why is sodium actively reabsorbed in the nephron?
a) to decrease osmolarity inside the nephron
b) to make urine less concentrated
c) to increase passive reabsorption of water
d) to decrease blood pressure
9) anterograde and retrograde axonal transport are forms of ________ transport.
a) fast
b) slow
c) neither of these
10) lipids are broken down into ________, which feeds into glycolysis, and ________,
which are metabolized to acetyl coa.
11) the lung pathology most likely to result from certain kinds of heart disease is
a) emphysema.
b) asthma.
c) pulmonary edema.
d) fibrotic lung disease.
e) lung cancer.
12) the common pathway of coagulation begins with the
a) sticking of platelets to damaged tissue.
b) activation of a proenzyme exposed to collagen.
c) release of tissue factor by a damaged endothelium.
d) activating of a clotting factor that converts prothrombin to thrombin.
e) activation of a clotting factor that converts fibrinogen to fibrin.
13) which of the following would be an adequate stimulus for a chemoreceptor?
a) oxygen
b) cell stretch
c) photon of light
d) cold temperature
e) vibration
14) match the following structures with their functions.
a. pancreas
b. pylorus
c. rectum
d. small intestine
e. stomach
organ that adds exocrine secretions to the duodenum via a duct
15) which of the following is not a function of membrane proteins?
a) bind to ligands
b) regulate the passage of ions
c) act as transport molecules for various solutes
d) anchor or stabilize the cell membrane
e) produce energy
16) harry suffers from cystic fibrosis and frequently has periods where he can hardly
breathe. the problem is the result of
a) inflammation of the bronchi.
b) constriction of the trachea.
c) thick secretions that exceed the ability of the mucus elevator to transport them.
d) laryngospasms that occur in response to a toxic substance produced by the epithelial
cells.
e) collapse of one or both lungs.
17) in response to binding a neurotransmitter, a postsynaptic cell can
a) only open chemically gated ion channels, causing graded potentials known as fast
synaptic potentials.
b) only close ion channels via g proteins and second messenger systems, producing
slow responses.
c) only regulate protein synthesis and affect the metabolic activities of the postsynaptic
cell.
d) open chemically gated ion channels, causing graded potentials known as fast
synaptic potentials and regulate protein synthesis and affect the metabolic activities of
the postsynaptic cell.
e) open chemically gated ion channels, causing graded potentials known as fast synaptic
potentials, close ion channels via g proteins and second messenger systems, producing
slow responses, and regulate protein synthesis and affect the metabolic activities of the
postsynaptic cell.
18) genes that are always being expressed in a cell involve promoters that are
________.
19) if both na+ and k+ channels are activated by depolarization, why do we see more
na+ flux during the rising phase of an action potential?
20) in a recent accident, your favorite uncle lost one of his arms just below the elbow;
he sustained no other injuries. the wound has completely healed, yet he is plagued by
pain he claims is coming from a hand that is no longer there. afraid to confide in his
doctor, he asks you if he is going insane. what should you tell him? what principles are
illustrated by this phenomenon?
21) diagram the reactions and interactions of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
pathway. what condition is the primary stimulus for its activation?
22) a typical residual volume (in milliliters) for a healthy, 70 kg male is ________.
23)
table 1.1
use table 1.1 to graph the data appropriately. what can you conclude based on the new
figure?
24) what causes a graded potential to degrade?