Elizabeth, a beginning practitioner, counsels in a manner in which she merely acts in
compliance with the law and follows minimal ethical standards. She is at the first level
of ethical functioning, which is:
a. personal ethics.
b. aspiration ethics.
c. mandatory ethics.
d. basic ethics.
Which of the following skills is NOT characteristic of culturally skilled counselors?
a. They understand that one counseling style can be used equally effectively with all
minority groups.
b. They are able to send and receive both verbal and nonverbal messages accurately and
appropriately.
c. They are able to make out-of-office interventions when necessary by assuming the
role of consultant and agent for change.
d. They are able to employ institutional intervention skills on behalf of their clients.
An effective termination process is critical in
a. increasing the likelihood that the client will return to therapy when, inevitably, their
symptoms flare up again.
b. helping the client accept that they will never need therapeutic services in the future.
c. securing trust in the overall therapy process while minimizing the return of symptoms
or feelings of exploitation.
d. deterring clients from initiating a lawsuit, which most clients do.
Keeping adequate records is:
a. the standard of care.
b. desirable but unnecessary.
c. the aspect of counseling that most practitioners enjoy the most.
d. necessary only if one is required to make an official diagnosis to submit to an
insurance company.
Tanya seems to meet some of her personal needs through counseling her clients. This is
a. a win/win situation for Tanya and her clients since it is always a sign of being highly
invested in the process when counselors meet their own personal needs through their
work.
b. acceptable as long as these needs do not assume priority or get in the way of her
clients’ growth.
c. never acceptable under any circumstances.
d. illegal in 42 states.
Which of the following actions is inappropriate when a counselor thinks that he or she
is unqualified to work with a particular client?
a. avoid initiating the counseling relationship
b. terminate the relationship
c. suggest appropriate alternatives
d. provide a referral
e. continue to counsel the client if he or she does not want a referral
What is/are the reason(s) for the underutilization of mental health services by minority
groups?
a. biased nature of the services
b. child care issues
c. transportation challenges
d. all of the above
e. b and c
Which of the following tools is/are used to assist a practitioner in the process of
psychodiagnosis?
a. Clinical interviewing
b. Observation
c. Psychometric tests
d. Rating scales
e. All of the above
Below is an example of a technique being used in an unethical manner:
A.modifying techniques so they are suitable for the client’s cultural and ethnic
background.
B.practicing unfamiliar techniques in group.
C.having a therapeutic purpose and being grounded in some theoretical framework.
D.giving members the freedom to participate or not participate in a given experiment.
Privileged communication does not apply in cases of:
a. clients’ disclosures of personal and sensitive information.
b. child abuse and neglect.
c. unfaithfulness in one or both partners in couple’s therapy.
d. legal proceedings where the therapist is asked to produce a client’s records in court.
The imposition of a counselor’s values on a client is:
a. illegal.
b. generally considered unethical.
c. both illegal and unethical.
d. necessary when the client’s values are in conflict with the counselor’s values.
Below are common characteristics of consultation EXCEPT for which of the following?
a. The consultant provides indirect service to the client by providing direct serve to
consultees to better serve their own clients.
b. Consultees have the freedom to decide what they will do with the suggestions and
recommendations of the consultant.
c. Participation in the consultation process is often involuntary if the contract is initiated
by a program director.
d. Consultants can take on a variety of roles depending on the nature of consultation
and the desired outcomes of consultation.
e. Consultation typically occurs in an organizational context.
Which of the following statements is most accurate?
a. Spirituality and religion tend to fluctuate in importance to Americans.
b. Freud believed that religious faith was important in the lives of his patients, which
stemmed from his own strong religious beliefs.
c. Counselors must understand their own spiritual/religious beliefs if they hope to gain
an in-depth appreciation of the beliefs of their clients.
d. When clients are searching for meaning in life, it is appropriate for therapists to
strongly suggest they seek religion as an answer.
Exceptions to confidentiality:
a. are essentially the same in every clinical setting.
b. are the same for all social workers, but vary for counselors.
c. vary by jurisdiction.
d. do not apply for rehabilitation counselors.
Which of the statements below is true with regard to clients’ beliefs about the
therapeutic process?
A.Frequently, clients are not aware of their rights and view the process as mysterious.
B.Clients may see their therapist much like they see their doctor and expect the
therapist to have the “correct” opinion or answer.
C.Clients may not realize that the therapist’s duty is to help clients find their own
answers.
D.All of the choices.
The authors state their positions throughout the text in order to
A.sway you to adopt their views since they have expertise.
B.help you develop your own position on a variety of ethical and professional issues.
C.model the correct way of thinking about ethical matters.
D.both a and c
In the authors’ view, non-erotic touching between counselor and client should be:
A.a spontaneous and honest expression of the therapist’s feelings.
B.incongruent with what they feel.
C.a therapeutic technique used to extinguish catharsis.
D.considered unethical.
Which of the following statements is true with regard to therapists experiencing
personal problems and conflicts?
A.If you are experiencing problems, you have no business practicing as a therapist.
B.Psychoanalysis is increasingly being recommended for trainees who are experiencing
countertransference.
C.Therapists should be awareof their areas of denial and unresolved problems and
conflicts.
D.Therapists are strongly encouraged to work through their personal issues in
supervision.
Which of the statements below is true about the informed consent process in groups?
a. There is no such thing as providing too much information to group members at one
time.
b. Experienced group members have the responsibility of ensuring that new members
become aware of their rights and responsibilities as group participants.
c. Clients should be informed at the outset that informed consent is an ongoing process
rather than a one-time event.
d. A very lengthy informed consent process that emphasizes the legalistic aspects of
group work is ideal.
In regards to boundaries in the counseling relationship, Lazarus takes the position that:
a. certain ethics and boundaries actually diminish therapeutic effectiveness.
b. all boundaries should be eliminated because they destroy the counseling relationship.
c. strong boundaries must be maintained in order to avoid malpractice suits.
d. traits such as flexibility, spontaneity, and warmth tend to be characteristics of
therapists who maintain strong boundaries.
Which of the following statements in NOT accurate pertaining to the use of techniques?
a. Practitioners should have a rationale for using a technique.
b. Practitioners need to have training in the proper use of techniques.
c. There is abundant evidence of the specific value and usefulness of particular
techniques.
d. The techniques counselors employ are less crucial to therapy outcomes than are the
interpersonal factors operating in the client-counselor relationship.
The intent of a(n) _____________________ is to define boundaries and clarify the
nature of the basic counseling relationship between the counselor and the client.
A.supervision contract
B.informed consent document
C.HIPAA document
D.release of information form
Marie is working with a lesbian client who is in a dysfunctional relationship with
another woman. She is seeking counseling to sort out her options regarding leaving her
emotionally abusive partner. Marie can assist her client by:
A.automatically attributing her client’s problems to her sexual orientation.
B.attempting to change the sexual orientation of her client.
C.supporting her client’s attempt to leave the abusive relationship, work on her abuse
issues, and eventually enter into a positive lesbian relationship.
D.encouraging her client to realize how difficult it is to live in a lesbian relationship.
Which of the following statements reflects what spirituality and religion have in
common within the counseling context?
a. They are both ethically appropriate topics to discuss
b. They can play a major part in the client’s life and be a significant source of strength
for him or her
c. They are both organized entities that provide clients with needed structure
d. All of the above
e. Both a and b
In__________________________, sexist attitudes and patriarchal assumptions are
examined for their impact on family relationships.
a. narrative therapy
b. gender-sensitive couples and family therapy
c. reality therapy
d. brief solution-focused therapy
___________________ aim to change the social environment to meet the needs of the
population as a whole and are carried out by influencing social policy.
a. Direct community services
b. Indirect community services
c. Community organization services
d. Community counseling services
Research trends in group counseling and psychotherapy point to a set of recognizable
factors that have been shown to create positive outcomes in groups. These include all of
the following except
A.skilled leaders
B.appropriately referred group members
C.defined goals
D.frequent use of behavioral techniques
________________________ with clients can be both a reasonable and a humanitarian
practice when people require psychological services but do not have insurance coverage
and are in financial difficulty.
a. A deferred payment plan
b. A bartering arrangement
c. A therapeutic hiatus
d. Premature termination
Patricia, a family therapist, has adopted an egalitarian philosophy to guide her practice.
A Korean couple come to her to address concerns they have about their teenage
daughter. When asked about their home life, they acknowledge that they hold traditional
roles and values and that the household chores are entirely left to the females in the
family. Patricia should
a. challenge their values immediately since they are probably contributing to the
problems with their daughter.
b. explore with the couple how satisfied they are with the current division of labor.
c. convince the husband to try washing the dishes and cleaning the house.
d. Suggest that the females in the family enroll in an assertiveness training group.
A(n) __________________________ approach to supervision is a necessary dimension
of training for therapists who want to work with families.
a. Adlerian
b. family-of-origin
c. object relations
d. attachment theory-based
e. both c and d
Cultural issues affect which of the following aspects of the counseling process?
A.Only the initial interactions with clients when counselors need to assess how their
clients are similar to and different from them
B.All aspects of the counseling process
C.No aspects of the counseling process unless one is specifically practicing from a
multicultural framework.
D.Only the termination phase, since clients may approach endings in ways that are
consistent with their culture.
The following would be an ineffective way of managing a client’s suicidal ideation:
a. Attempt to secure a promise from the client that he or she will not try to commit
suicide.
b. Immediately hospitalize the client.
c. Be willing to communicate your caring without setting limits.
d. Recognize the limits of your competence and know when and how to refer.
Robert is romantically attracted to his client and he suspects that the feeling is mutual.
In order to take an ethical action, Robert should:
A.seek consultation with an experienced colleague, supervisor, or personal therapist
who could help him decide on a course of action.
B.terminate therapy so they can develop a romantic relationship.
C.repress his feelings and continue therapy with the client.
D.explore his reasons for the attraction and tell the client why he is attracted to her.
The argument for teaching a multimodal, systematic, technically eclectic model in
training programs is that:
A.the variety of techniques and strategies taught can be applied to a wide range of
problems with diverse clients.
B.it gives the student an opportunity to specialize in one theoretical approach.
C.there are few bureaucratic constraints when teaching this type of approach.
D.the student can learn to diagnose clients to fit the basic concepts of the theory being
taught.